Families often ask this question: after glioma surgery is done and the pathology is high-grade glioma (glioblastoma), what is the difference between postoperative radiotherapy and no radiotherapy, and what is the difference in survival? High-grade gliomas account for about half of primary gliomas, and the overall prognosis for high-grade gliomas is satisfactory. With the level of resection recommended by current guidelines (total resection of the enhanced portion) supplemented with standard temozolomide-based concurrent radiotherapy, patients have a median survival of 15-17 months. Without total resection of the enhancing portion of the lesion, patient survival would be even shorter. There are no clearly effective targeted drugs for gliomas, and adjuvant therapy relies mainly on radiotherapy, plus electric field therapy if available. Radiochemotherapy is the method that can clearly prolong survival. Therefore, unless there is a contraindication, radiotherapy must be done, all of which can prolong survival, and a small number of people’s survival can be significantly prolonged. Since the effects of adjuvant therapy cannot be magnified indefinitely, surgeons have been exploring extended resection to prolong survival. Currently, it is believed that total resection of the enhancing portion + 50% or more of the abnormal Flair portion prolongs survival over resection of only the enhancing portion. Total resection of the enhancing portion + 90% or more of the abnormal Flair portion extends survival to about 3 years. Therefore, postoperative radiotherapy for high-grade glioma should not be omitted, and is best implemented on the basis of augmentation.