On May 14, 2013, Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie published an article in The New York Times announcing that she had undergone preventive bilateral mastectomy to reduce the risk of cancer and successfully reconstructed her breasts nine weeks later. Mastectomy and reconstruction became a hot topic of discussion. It has been reported that approximately 1.3 million people are diagnosed with breast cancer each year worldwide, and a significant number of them require various degrees of mastectomy. In order to achieve the purpose of breast reconstruction, the existing techniques mainly include implant filling, fat grafting and skin flap grafting. I believe these techniques are already known to a certain extent. Today, I will take a different approach to show you the charm of engineered fat construction and its application prospect in breast reconstruction. Engineered fat construction mainly contains adipose tissue engineering and adipose tissue engineering chamber technology. Tissue engineering is a classical bioengineering technology, the basic essentials of which are seed cells, biological scaffolds and growth factors. It is a discipline that promotes the functional repair of various tissues or organs after injury and the formation of biological substitutes, and has made promising progress in the fields of cartilage, bone, tendon, blood vessels, skin and cornea. With the deepening of the research on adipose stem cells, adipose tissue engineering has also developed greatly in recent years, and the biological scaffolds have gradually developed from the previous synthetic scaffolds such as PLGA and PEG to the decellularized extracellular matrix that has become popular in recent years, and the adipose tissue engineering has successfully constructed neonatal adipose or adipose tissue-based soft tissues in animals, although the results of the current research show that the technology has problems such as small size of constructs and poor vascularization, but still has immeasurable application prospects in areas such as breast reconstruction. The concept of adipose tissue engineering chamber technology was pioneered by the Morrison team in Australia in the early 21st century. In 2011, Findlay and colleagues were the first to expand a 5 ml adipose flap to 56.5 ml using a vascularized fat flap and a perforated polycarbonate chamber (78.5 ml) in a pig (Sus scrofa), and within 22 weeks of chamber removal, the volume of adipose tissue was increased by 1.5 ml to 56.5 ml. The adipose tissue volume was well preserved for 22 weeks after removal of the chamber. This vascularized adipose tissue construct meets the clinical standard for large-volume soft-tissue constructs and greatly facilitates the development of engineered adipose constructs for large volumes. Repair and reconstruction of soft tissue defects due to tumor resection, complex trauma, congenital malformations, etc. has always been a major problem in plastic and cosmetic surgery, especially breast reconstruction after mastectomy, which requires large-volume soft tissues as fillers. A breakthrough in the construction of large-volume engineered adipose tissue has been achieved in large animals, which has greatly promoted the development of this research into clinical applications. Undoubtedly, the purpose of large-volume engineered adipose tissue construction research is ultimately to be applied in the clinic to solve a series of clinical challenges such as breast reconstruction and repair of large soft tissue defects. Mastectomy without reconstruction is not perfect, and it is believed that more mastectomy patients will benefit from the development of engineered fat building technology in the near future.