The treatment of rectal extramural mesenchymal tumor is mainly surgical resection, which can be combined with molecular targeted drug therapy and other ways. Extramural mesenchymal tumor of rectum is a kind of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor, and its treatment principle is the same as that of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor. For those who are clearly recognized as mesenchymal tumors by pathological tests, it is recommended that surgical resection is the first choice as long as there are surgical conditions. For mesenchymal tumors that cannot be resected for the time being, the risk of surgery is high, and the resection will affect the function of organs, molecular targeted drug therapy can be carried out first, and then surgery can be carried out after the condition is controlled and the tumor shrinks. In addition to surgery, targeted drug therapy is also an important means of treatment, and commonly used targeted therapy drugs include imatinib and so on. Molecular targeted therapy can reduce the size of the tumor, fight for the possibility of radical surgical resection, and can reduce the scope of surgical resection, reduce the risk, and can reduce the possibility of medical dissemination. The above drugs need to be used under the guidance of clinicians, and unauthorized use of drugs is prohibited; the emergence of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, should be timely consultation, and comply with the doctor’s instructions to actively cooperate with the treatment.