HPV screening is an important tool for screening for cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions. Laboratory tests are used to screen for the risk of HPV infection after collecting cervical secretions. HPV (human papillomavirus) infection can cause cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is the most common cause of cervical cancer. Early detection of HPV infection is important for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Therefore, it is important to promote HPV screening for the detection of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions. In clinical practice, routine HPV screening is not recommended for women under 25 years of age because HPV infection is more prevalent in younger women, but it is mostly a transient infection. For women with high-risk factors (e.g. age >35, multiple sexual partners, etc.), cervical cytology combined with HPV testing can be performed under medical supervision.