1.Personality disorder
The personality traits deviate significantly from normal, so that the patient forms a consistent pattern of abnormal behavior reflecting personal life style and interpersonal relationships. This pattern significantly deviates from the specific cultural background and general cognitive style (especially in the treatment of people), which obviously affects their social and occupational functions and causes maladaptation to the social environment, for which the patient feels distressed and has clinical significance. Although the patient is not intellectually disabled, the maladaptive behavior pattern is difficult to correct and only a minority of patients can improve in adulthood. It usually begins in childhood or adolescence and continues to develop over time into adulthood or throughout life. If the personality deviation from normal is caused by physical illness (such as encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, chronic alcoholism, etc.) or secondary to various psychiatric disorders, it should be called personality change. He Ming, Psychiatry Department, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
[Symptom Criteria] The individual’s internal experience and behavioral characteristics (not limited to the psychotic episode) deviate significantly from the expected and accepted range of his or her culture as a whole, and such deviation is extensive, stable and long-term, and at least 1 of the following is present.
(1) abnormal deviations in cognition (the way in which people and things are perceived, and interpreted, and thus attitudes and images of self and others are formed).
(2) Abnormal deviations in affect (range, intensity, and appropriate emotional arousal and response).
(3) abnormal deviations in the control of impulses and in the satisfaction of personal needs.
(4) Abnormal deviation in interpersonal relationships.
Severity Criteria】Abnormal deviation of specific behavior patterns that cause distress or social maladjustment to the patient or others (e.g., family members).
Criteria for disease duration】Beginning in childhood or adolescence, now 18 years old or older, and has lasted at least 2 years.
Exclusion criteria】The abnormal deviation of personality traits is not a manifestation or consequence of somatic diseases or mental disorders.
2.Paranoid personality disorder
Characterized by suspicion and paranoia, starting in early adulthood, more males than females.
[Diagnostic criteria
(1) Meet the diagnostic criteria of personality disorder.
(2) Characterized by suspicion and paranoia, and at least three of the following.
(1) Hypersensitivity to setbacks and encounters.
(ii) Inability to tolerate insults and injuries and chronic grudges.
③ suspicious and easily misinterpreting neutral or friendly behavior of others as hostile or belittling.
④ militancy apparently exceeding what the actual situation requires in the obsessive pursuit of personal rights.
⑤ susceptibility to pathological jealousy, excessive suspicion that a lover has a new love or that a partner is unfaithful, but not delusional.
(6) Tendency to be excessively conceited and self-centered, always feeling suppressed and persecuted, even suing and petitioning, and refusing to give up until the goal is achieved.
(7) Non-realistic dominant perceptions that interpret events around them or outside as “conspiracies”, so they are overly vigilant and hostile.
3. Schizoid personality disorder
Characterized by peculiarities in perception, behavior and appearance, emotional indifference, and obvious defects in interpersonal relationships. Slightly more males than females.
[Diagnostic criteria
(1) Meet the diagnostic criteria of personality disorder.
(2) Characterized by peculiarities in perception, behavior and external decoration, emotional apathy, and defects in interpersonal relationships, and at least three of the following.
(1) marked introversion (loneliness, passivity, withdrawal), alienation from family and society, basic lack of active interaction with others except for those who must be contacted in life or work, lack of close friends, excessive indulgence in fantasy and introspection.
② dull expression, cold emotion, or even impersonal, unable to express concern for others, consideration, and anger, etc.
③ poor response or indifference to praise and criticism.
④ lack of pleasant feelings.
⑤ lack of close and trusting interpersonal relationships
⑥ Difficulty in following social norms, resulting in bizarre behavior.
⑦ Disinterest in sexual activities with others (consider age).
4.Anti-social personality disorder
Characterized by behavior that does not conform to social norms, often breaking the law and being cold and unfeeling toward others, more males than females. Patients in this group often have character problems in childhood or adolescence (before the age of 18). After adulthood (after the age of 18), they do not change their habits, and their behavior does not conform to social norms, and they even break the law and discipline.
Diagnostic Criteria
1. Meet the diagnostic criteria of personality disorder and have at least 3 of the following.
(1) serious and chronic irresponsibility, disregard for social conventions, norms, obligations, etc., such as the inability to maintain a permanent job (or study), frequent absenteeism (or absenteeism), multiple unplanned job changes; behavior that violates social norms and that constitutes grounds for arrest (regardless of arrest or not).
(2) Acting unplanned or impulsively, such as taking a trip that was not planned in advance.
(3) Lack of respect for the truth, such as routinely lying and deceiving others to gain personal advantage
(4) indifference to others, such as frequently failing to meet financial obligations, defaulting on debts, or failing to care for children or parents
(5) Inability to maintain long-lasting relationships with others, such as failure to maintain a long-lasting (more than 1 year) marital relationship.
(6) A tendency to blame others or to justify unreasonably their behavior in conflict with society.
(7) have a low tolerance for frustration and can be impulsive or even violent with minor stimuli
(8) Irritability and violent behavior, such as repeated brawls or attacks on others, including unprovoked assaults on spouses or children.
(9) Lack of guilt when endangering others and inability to benefit from experience, especially when being punished.
2. evidence of conduct disorder by age 18, with at least 3 of the following.
(1) Repeated violations of house or school rules.
(2) Repeated lying (not to avoid corporal punishment).
(3) Habitual smoking and drinking.
(4) Abuse of animals or weak peers.
(5) Repeatedly steals.
(6) Frequent truancy from school.
(7) At least 2 instances of staying out overnight without telling family members.
(8) Premature sexual activity.
(9) repeatedly engaging in activities that damage public property
(10) Repeatedly provoking or participating in fights.
(11) Has been expelled from school or has been suspended at least once for misconduct.
(12) Have been detained or disciplined by public security authorities.
4.Impulsive personality disorder (aggressive personality disorder)
Characterized by emotional outbursts with obvious behavioral impulses, significantly more males than females.
【Diagnostic criteria
(1) Meet the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders.
(2) Emotional outbursts and obvious impulsive behavior as the main manifestation, and at least three of the following.
(1) Prone to quarrels and conflicts with others, especially when impulsive behavior is blocked or criticized.
② a tendency to sudden outbursts of anger and violence, with no self-control over the impulsive behaviors that result.
③ a marked impairment in the ability to plan and anticipate things.
④ inability to adhere to any behavior that is not immediately rewarding
⑤ unstable and erratic state of mind.
⑥disorder and uncertainty in self-image, purpose, and internal preferences (including sexual desires).
(vii) A tendency to develop interpersonal tension or instability, which often leads to emotional crises.
(8) Suicidal and self-injurious behavior often occurs.
5.Performative (hysterical) personality disorder
Characterized by excessive emotional or exaggerated speech and behavior to attract the attention of others.
[Diagnostic criteria
(1) Meet the diagnostic criteria of personality disorder.
(2) Characterized by excessive emotionalism or exaggerated speech or behavior that attracts the attention of others, and at least three of the following.
(1) Rich in self-performative, dramatic, and exaggerated expressions of emotion.
② superficial and fickle emotions.
③ Self-centeredness, self-indulgence and lack of consideration for others.
④ the pursuit of excitement and self-centered attentional activities.
⑤ constant desire to be appreciated and emotional vulnerability.
(6) Excessive concern for somatic sensuality to satisfy their own needs.
⑦ High suggestibility and susceptibility to influence by others.
6.Obsessive personality disorder
Characterized by excessive caution, strict requirements and perfectionism, and inner insecurity. Men are two times more likely than women, and about 70% of OCD patients have obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
Diagnostic criteria
(1) Meet the diagnostic criteria of personality disorder.
(2) Characterized by excessive caution, strict requirements and perfectionism, and inner insecurity, and at least three of the following.
(1) Indecisiveness, suspicion, and excessive caution due to the individual’s deep-seated insecurities.
(2) The need to plan all activities very early on and to take great pains to do so.
③ Need to double-check everything and neglect the whole picture due to excessive attention to details.
④ being frequently troubled by nasty thoughts or impulses, but not yet to the extent of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
⑤ being excessively cautious and overly preoccupied with work effectiveness at the expense of personal pastimes, and interpersonal relationships.
(6) Stereotypes and stubbornness, demanding that others play by their rules.
(7) Conformity and lack of ability to express warmth.
7.Anxious personality disorder
Characterized by a consistent feeling of nervousness, anxiety, insecurity, and low self-esteem, always needing to be liked and accepted, overly sensitive to rejection and criticism, and a tendency to avoid certain activities due to habitual exaggeration of potential dangers in everyday situations.
[Diagnostic Criteria].
(1) Meet the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders.
(2) Characterized by persistent and widespread internal tension, and anxious experiences with at least three of the following.
(1) Consistent self-sensitivity, insecurity, and low self-esteem.
(ii) Hypersensitivity to rejection and criticism.
(3) Constant pursuit of acceptance and popularity.
④ Refusal to establish interpersonal relationships with others unless they are assured that they will be accepted and not criticized.
⑤ habitually exaggerates potential risk factors in life to the extent of avoiding certain activities, but without fearful avoidance
(6) Restricted lifestyle due to the need for “stability” and “security”.
8.Dependent personality disorder
Diagnostic criteria
(1) Meet the diagnostic criteria of personality disorder.
(2) Characterized by excessive dependence and at least three of the following.
(1) Demanding or having others take responsibility for important aspects of one’s life.
(ii) Attachment of one’s needs to the person on whom one is dependent and excessive submission to the will of others.
③ unwillingness to make even reasonable demands on the person on whom one depends.
④ feeling helpless, incompetent, or lacking energy.
⑤ indulging in the fear of being forgotten, constantly asking others for reassurance about it, and feeling uncomfortable when left alone.
(6) Experiences of being destroyed and helpless when intimate relationships with others end.
(7) Often puts the blame on others to cope with adversity.
9. Other or to be classified personality disorders
Including passive-aggressive personality disorder, depressive personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder, etc.