What are the causes of urolithiasis? Urolithiasis is a disease in which stones are formed in the urinary system, such as the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, causing pain in the lower back, blood in the urine or urinary tract infections. Urolithiasis is caused by abnormal mineralization in the human urinary system, resulting in the formation of stones, which are closely related to the activity and metabolism of cells throughout the body. Urolithiasis is most commonly seen in male young adults. It has been reported that metabolites in the urine are higher in men than in women, androgens increase calcium oxalate formation and estrogens increase citrate levels, factors that may be associated with a higher incidence of stones in men. Why do stones form in the urinary system? The presence of stone formation and inhibitors in normal human urine, too much stone formation or too little inhibitors can lead to stone formation, abnormal metabolism of the body, urinary tract infections, obstruction and other conditions can lead to disruption of the balance of stone formation and inhibitors in the urine, thus causing stones. Metabolic abnormalities have both congenital and acquired habits and environmental factors, with genetic factors predominating, which is the reason for the existence of long-term individualized stone prevention. What are the components of urinary stones? Depending on the composition of the stones, urinary stones (mainly kidney stones) can be divided into six categories: calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid (urate) stones, ammonium magnesium phosphate stones, cystine stones and purine stones. Most stones can be a mixture of two or more components. How do I know I have urolithiasis? In addition to the typical clinical manifestations of urolithiasis in patients, such as hematuria with paroxysmal painful episodes in the lower back and abdomen, the location and size of stones can also be detected by imaging tests such as ultrasound, which provide an important basis for the treatment of urolithiasis. How should I treat urolithiasis? The urgent problem of urolithiasis is the infection and colic of the urinary system caused by stones. Infections must be controlled promptly with antibacterial drugs, and severe cases should be hospitalized with a combination of drugs. How to prevent urolithiasis? After treatment of urolithiasis, the factors that cause stones are not solved, and stones may recur if preventive measures are not taken. Prevention methods include: 1, diet regulation First of all, we should develop the habit of drinking more water, generally drink two thousand milliliters of water per day, so that the daily urine volume is also about two thousand milliliters, to keep the color of urine colorless or light yellow. Secondly, patients with this disease should have a light, low protein, low fat diet. Food selection is based on stone composition and urinalysis results. Patients with excessive nutrition should reduce calories, especially animal protein, and eat more coarse grains;, patients with high calcium absorption need to limit dairy products, such as animal protein and sugar foods; patients with high uric acid are forbidden to eat animal offal and less meat. Patients with high oxalic acid forbid spinach and eat less soy products, etc. 2, drugs to prevent stones Patients should choose the corresponding drugs for prevention according to the type of stones. For example, the drug regulating acidity can dissolve uric acid and cystine stones or stones composed of ammonium magnesium phosphate stones, citrate drugs can complex urinary calcium, reduce uric acid stones; allopurinol drugs can effectively reduce the uric acid in the body to prevent the formation of uric acid stones; thiol drugs to reduce the cystine in the body to prevent the formation of cystine stones.