Each brain cell releases minute amounts of electrical waves every moment in order to transmit information from cell to cell in order to maintain normal neurological function and allow us to move, speak, calculate and think normally. If a person’s brain cells are injured and lose their function, and the electrical waves between cells are unable to transmit information properly, then brain dysfunction manifestations such as degeneration of intelligence, inability to speak, and paralysis of the arms and legs may occur. The reason why epileptic patients have seizures is that they are caused by abnormal brain cell firing. When these brain cells are in the normal firing stage, the epileptic patient does not show any abnormalities and it is absolutely impossible to recognize who has epilepsy from the outside. When many brain cells emit very strong electrical waves at the same time, which is known as “abnormal discharge” in medical terms, it leads to brain dysfunction, and when the abnormal discharge stops, brain function gradually returns to its original state. The symptoms of seizures depend on the location of the abnormal discharges, and can be as simple as transient daze, trance, numbness, spasms, or purposeful automatism, such as tongue licking, swallowing, face rubbing, fiddling with clothes, talking nonsense, or walking aimlessly. In severe cases, there are often generalized tonic convulsions, apnea, and declining brain function due to lack of oxygen. The prevalence of epilepsy is about 0.5%, 0.8% and 1% in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries, respectively, affecting the daily lives of tens of millions of patients and their relatives. The general perception is that epilepsy is overwhelmingly inherited from families, but this is not the case. Any condition that causes damage to brain cells that become prone to abnormal firing can lead to epilepsy. Common causes are as follows: congenital brain developmental abnormalities: focal cortical developmental abnormalities, gray matter heterotopia, giant gyrus malformation, etc. Brain injury: birth injury, neonatal intracranial hemorrhage with cranial injury at any age. Tumors: primary or metastatic intracranial tumors, especially those close to the cerebral cortex, such as meningioma, oligodendroglioma, etc. Intracranial infection: various intracranial infections or systemic infections causing toxic encephalopathy. Cerebrovascular disease: cerebrovascular malformation, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, etc. Cerebral hypoxic lesions: asphyxia, drowning, etc. Brain degenerative diseases: multiple sclerosis, brain atrophy caused by degenerative diseases, etc. Metabolic disorders: hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, phenylketonuria, uremia, etc. Cerebral parasitic diseases: cerebral cysticercosis, cerebral schistosomiasis, etc.