Neurosurgery deals with diseases of the brain, spinal cord and nervous system that can be treated surgically. It is mainly divided into 4 categories, including traumatic brain diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, brain and nerve tumor diseases, and brain and nerve function related diseases.
1. Diseases of traumatic brain injury: for example, when the head is hit by a car or falls from a height, or when the head is hit by a foreign object, etc., the patient’s brain is damaged due to external factors, and sometimes surgical treatment is needed under special circumstances.
2. Cerebrovascular diseases: they mainly include two major parts, one of which refers to bleeding diseases of the brain, such as cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc.; the other part refers to ischemic diseases that are not effectively treated by internal medicine and need to be treated by surgery, such as cerebral infarction, severe carotid artery stenosis, and cerebral vascular arterial occlusion and other related diseases.
3. Diseases of brain and nerve tumor nature: mainly including meningioma, glioma, craniopharyngioma, nerve sheath tumor, chordoma, germ cell tumor and other types of tumors, and in some cases, also including intracranial cysts, abscesses and so on.
4. Diseases related to brain and nerve function: such as hydrocephalus, facial muscle spasm, trigeminal neuralgia, Parkinson’s disease, etc., in many cases, it is necessary to go to the neurosurgery department for surgery to solve the problem fundamentally.
In general, cranial, spinal and nerve-related diseases that are not treated by internal medicine and require surgery are within the scope of neurosurgery.