1.What kinds of inhalation devices are commonly used? How should I choose an inhalation device?
A: Commonly used inhalation devices are: pressurized dosing aerosol (MDI), dry powder inhaler (DPI), and nebulizer inhaler. The choice of inhalation device is mainly based on the age of the child and the severity of the disease. Pressurized quantitative aerosol hand-controlled snap valve spraying needs to be coordinated with the inhalation action, not suitable for infants and children who can not coordinate with the child, 2 to 3 years old children can apply pressurized quantitative aerosol with the help of the storage tank under careful training, if the storage tank plus the mouth, nose or mask, younger infants can also be used pressurized quantitative aerosol.
Dry powder inhalers require a strong inspiratory force and are most appropriate for children older than 5 years. Neither pressurized dose aerosols nor dry powder inhalers are suitable for more severe cases. Nebulized inhalation requires little coordination from the child and is suitable for infants, uncooperative older children, and children with severe seizures. However, for children with respiratory failure who are moribund and dying, it is advisable to administer the drug by intravenous route first, and then supplement with inhalation therapy after the condition has improved.
2.What is pressurized quantitative aerosol? What are the advantages, disadvantages and methods of use.
A: Pressurized quantitative aerosol is a pressurized quantitative inhaler, which is a device that uses hand pressurization to drive the quantitative spray of aerosol drug particles. Advantages: small volume, easy to carry. Disadvantages: hand-controlled snap valve spray drug need to coordinate with the inhalation action, the use of technology is more south to master. Using Freon as a projectile, if the spraying speed is faster can cause the oropharynx to cold and other reactions and irritating cough. If inhaled corticosteroids can induce thrush. Only a portion of the total inhaled dose can be deposited into the lungs.
Directions for use.
(1) Remove the cap and turn the aerosol upside down, shaking it strongly 5 to 6 times.
(2) Exhale slowly, with lips surrounding the biting mouth, and at the beginning of a slow and deep inhalation, immediately snap the valve of the aerosol dispenser and the medicine is sprayed out as a mist particle.
(3) Pull out the biting mouth, continue to inhale deeply and hold your breath for 7 seconds in order to make the drug fully inhaled into the lungs to play a role.
(4) After use, put the cap back on the mouthpiece and keep it clean. If you suck the 2nd snap, you need to repeat the above 2 and 3 steps, you cannot snap the valve several times at the same time.
3, the usual use of those are pressed quantitative aerosol?
A: Commonly used are: Pulmicort aerosol, Salbutamol aerosol, Picoxone aerosol, Terbutaline aerosol, etc.
4.When using pressurized dosing aerosol, does it work best when the child is crying? Why?
A: It is not the best when the child is crying. The reason is that the hand-controlled pressurized valve spraying needs to be coordinated with the inspiratory action and to hold the breath, so the effect is not poor when crying because the child cannot cooperate well and hold the breath when crying.
5.When using the pressurized quantitative aerosol, under what circumstances is it best to use? Why?
A: Children who can correctly master the technique of its use will have the best effect when it is used correctly and under careful operation. It is because only when used correctly can as much drug as possible be deposited into the lungs, thus playing a therapeutic role.
6.Does the storage tank of the pressurized quantitative aerosol need to be cleaned? How to clean?
A: To clean. Cleaning method: After each use of the canister, the canister should be cleaned with flowing water and placed in a clean place to dry naturally for the next use, do not use hard wool to scrub the canister.
7.Does the use of pressurized quantitative aerosol have side effects? What are they? How to avoid?
A: There are side effects. Common side effects include: can cause irritating cough, such as inhalation of corticosteroids can induce thrush. These side effects can be avoided by supplementing with a storage canister or switching to a dry powder inhaler.
8.What else should parents do after using pressurized quantitative aerosol?
A: Parents should supervise their children to operate it carefully and use it correctly so that they do not do it perfunctorily.
9.What is dry powder inhaler (DPI)? What are the advantages? Disadvantages?
A: Dry powder inhaler is a device that disperses drug particles by the kinetic energy of inhaled air. The basic principle is: to disperse the drug and inhale the drug particles by the patient’s inhalation drive device. Advantages: good moisture resistance, moisture and coagulation; good drug mobility, easy to be inhaled airflow dispersion into aerosols and inhaled airway; inhalation is convenient; drug bioavailability is higher. Disadvantages: more complex structure, high price, severe and debilitated patients can not achieve the effect.
10.What are the commonly used dry powder inhalers?
A: The commonly used dry powder inhalers are Symbicort, Sulidex, Pramipexole, Bolicortol, etc.
11.How to use the dry powder inhaler for the best effect? Do I need to drink water to use it? Why?
A: Children who can master the technique of using dry powder inhaler correctly will have the best effect when it is used properly with careful handling. Older children who can rinse their mouths should rinse their mouths after use, while younger children who cannot rinse their mouths should drink water after use in order to avoid thrush.
12. Do I need to wash the dry powder inhaler with water? How to ensure hygiene in normal times?
A: It does not need to be cleaned with water. Just wipe the outside of the inhaler with a dry cloth or dry paper towel.
13.Why do doctors recommend using dry powder inhaler?
A: Because the technique of using dry powder inhaler is simple, easy to learn and master, and can avoid the side effects of pressurized quantitative aerosol, and the bioavailability of the drug is high, so doctors recommend using dry powder inhaler.
14.What is nebulized inhalation therapy?
A: Nebulized inhalation therapy refers to the purpose of treating airway diseases by turning drugs into fine mist particles through a nebulizer and entering the respiratory tract directly with natural breathing.
15.Why should children inhale glucocorticosteroids?
A: Because inhalation of glucocorticoids for anti-inflammatory treatment can really improve the condition and achieve the purpose of treating the disease and improving lung function. Nebulized inhaled hormones can deliver drugs directly into the airway, which can not only improve the local anti-inflammatory activity, but also reduce the systemic side effects caused by hormones.
16.What kind of drugs are used in nebulized inhalation?
A: The following two types of drugs are commonly used in nebulized inhalation: glucocorticoids (airway anti-inflammatory drugs), such as Pramipexole; bronchodilators: such as Bolikanib, Adequan.
17.What is Pramipexole? Is it suitable for all children who need inhalation therapy?
A: Pramipex is a new generation of inhaled glucocorticoid, whose active ingredient is budesonide. Pulmicort has a highly effective anti-inflammatory effect in the airways, not only improving the symptoms of asthma, but also treating the underlying inflammation of asthma. It has different delivery devices, which can be administered by nebulized inhalation (Pramipexole), dry powder inhalation (Pramipexole) and aerosol inhalation (Pramipexole Aerosol) respectively, suitable for all children who need inhalation treatment.
18.How does Pulmicort treat asthma in children?
A: Pramipex is a new generation of inhaled glucocorticoid, which has highly effective anti-inflammatory effects in the airways, not only improving the symptoms of asthma, but also treating the inflammation of asthma at the root, and the inhaled glucocorticoid allows the drug to enter the bronchi and lungs directly, exerting direct anti-inflammatory effects and reducing the dose and side effects of systemic medication.
The specific usage and dosage should be in accordance with medical advice. In case of acute asthma attack, nebulized inhalation of Pulmicort should be combined with bronchodilators. If asthma worsens, the number of times and/or the total amount of medication per day needs to be increased. As the asthma condition is controlled, the maintenance dose should be individualized and the lowest dose that can keep the child symptom-free should be used.
19.Does the use of Pramipex have any effect on the growth and development of children?
A: Pramipex is an inhaled glucocorticoid. The dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids is much lower than the dose used orally or intravenously, and most of the inhaled hormone acts locally in the airway, and the amount of drug entering the whole body is very small, and this part of the drug is rapidly cleared in the liver after entering the whole body, and has almost no inhibitory effect on adrenal cortical function. So far, there is no report that promethazine affects the growth and development of children.
20.How long does each nebulization take? How long does it work best?
A: Usually each nebulization inhalation time is 5 to 10 minutes. Generally, the course of treatment is 1 to 2 weeks during the acute attack period, with nebulization once or twice a day, and the evaluation cycle is at least once every 3 months for long-term preventive use.
21.When is the best time to use nebulization? When crying or when quiet?
A: When nebulizing older children, ask the child to inhale slowly and deeply so that the droplets are inhaled more deeply and the nebulization effect is the best; when young children inhale quietly, the effect is better than when they cry.
22.Does nebulizer inhalation have any side effects? What are they? How to avoid?
A: The common side effects of nebulizer inhalation are: thrush: thrush may occur when inhaling hormones, rinsing the mouth after inhalation can be avoided; in addition, no oil or cream should be used to wipe the face before inhalation, and those who inhale with a mask should wash their faces after inhalation to avoid absorption of drugs through the facial skin or irritation of the skin.
23.What should be noted in nebulizer inhalation treatment? How should the mask be stuck?
A: Before treatment, remove oral secretions, food residues, etc. so as not to hinder the inhalation of the droplets, do not use oil or cream to wipe the face before inhalation; when nebulizing older children, ask the child to breathe slowly and deeply, so that the droplets are inhaled more deeply and the nebulizing effect is best, and the effect is better in young children when they inhale quietly than when they cry; pay attention to the presence of choking and coughing and other bronchospasm-like manifestations during treatment, and report to your doctor in a timely manner; nebulizing inhalation medication After finishing, you should rinse your mouth to prevent the hormone from accumulating in the oropharynx, and those who inhale with a mask should wash their faces. Place the mask on the child’s mouth and nose and hold it tightly against the skin.
24.Does the nebulizer mask need to be stuck very tightly? What should be the best position?
A: It does not need to be stuck very tightly, just put the mask on the child’s mouth and nose, and stick it tightly against the skin.
25.What are the factors affecting nebulizer treatment?
A: whether the type, dose and course of inhaled drugs are appropriate; whether the method is correct; whether the child is crying; the severity of the disease: children with respiratory failure who are dying and dying should be given drugs by intravenous route first, and then supplemented with inhalation therapy after the condition improves.
26.My child is no longer wheezing, do I still need to do nebulization?
A: If the diagnosis is capillary bronchitis, it is not necessary to do nebulization if the child is not wheezing; if the diagnosis is asthma, it is necessary to continue to do nebulization even if the child is not wheezing, and it is also possible to switch to pressurized quantitative aerosol or dry powder inhaler according to the child’s age.
27.Why is my child’s nebulization not effective? What are the reasons?
A: Nebulization treatment is not effective, there may be some influencing factors, should be actively sought and corrected. Common influencing factors are: whether the type, dose and duration of inhalation are appropriate; whether the method is correct; whether the child is crying; whether the child should see a doctor and pay attention to exclude other diseases (such as bronchial foreign body, mycoplasma infection, etc.).
28.Is it true that the younger the child is, the less nebulized inhalation medicine is needed? Why? How to avoid it for small babies?
A: It is not true that the younger the baby is, the less nebulized inhalation medicine is needed. Because the amount of medicine inhaled into the lungs of small infants is smaller, so small infants can inhale a relatively large dose in proportion to their body weight.
29.Will the long-term use of nebulized inhalation produce drug resistance? Is it necessary to stop using it for a few days?
A: Long-term use of nebulizer inhalation will not produce drug resistance, there is no need to stop using it for a few days.