1, the treatment of heart valve disease: drug therapy heart valve disease treatment there are a variety of patients in the early stages of the disease, often or the use of non-surgical treatment, these patients is just the onset of people are young, but also no surgical treatment of mental preparation, the clinical indications for surgery is not clear, then control a certain amount of activity, with some drug therapy is mainly cardiac, diuretic, dilation If you are young and have rheumatic activity, then anti-rheumatic treatment should be carried out, which is the treatment of the cause of the disease. If you have complications, medication should be based on the patient’s complications, including diuresis and potassium supplementation if you have edema, and anti-infection treatment if you have valve infection. Most of these patients will not affect normal life and work, the patient should not have too much burden of thought. Some of these patients do not need special treatment and only need regular review (cardiac ultrasound and chest X-ray, once every 1-2 years). Interventional treatment Interventional treatment of heart valve disease is a minimally invasive treatment that dilates the patient’s narrowed valve through a cardiac catheter to achieve a relief of the stenosis. The newer, more cutting-edge approach is to replace the valve by intervention or to correct the valve closure insufficiency by intervention. In a small number of cases, access therapy can be performed or as a pre-treatment for valve replacement. Surgical treatment is the main radical means. Surgical treatment of heart valve disease involves direct treatment of the valve lesion, usually by open-heart surgery under general anesthesia, to perform mitral valvuloplasty or mitral valve replacement, aortic valve replacement, etc., and tricuspid valvuloplasty or replacement if needed. If the mechanical valve is torn or the biological valve is calcified, it is necessary to consider another operation. The risk of the second operation will increase compared with the first operation, so we should pay attention to the review to find out whether the valve is calcified or infected in time. 2, success rate and risk of valve replacement surgery Success rate: 95-99%, average 98%; perioperative mortality rate 1-5%, average 2.5% The vast majority of patients can resume an active lifestyle and gain a new life through valve replacement surgery. Risks (complications) are often the cause of these mortality rates. These complications include (but are not limited to) hypovolemia, arrhythmias, respiratory distress syndrome, renal insufficiency, impaired consciousness, bleeding, hypertension, and heart failure. And only 1-5% of them are really difficult to save. There are two types of prosthetic heart valves to choose from: mechanical valves or biological valves. The advantages and disadvantages of mechanical valves: Advantages: mechanical valves implanted in the body, such as good maintenance and use of the right, long-term use will not have problems. Mechanical valves are manufactured under precise design and control to produce a good mechanical valve. Mechanical valves are constantly evolving and are now the third generation of mechanical valves, mainly bileaflet valves. Disadvantages: It is not a central flow type and its hemodynamics are not as good as those of a biological valve. It is noisy. Requires lifelong anticoagulation. Advantages and disadvantages of biologic valves: Advantages: Closer to natural valve configuration, central flow type Soft, less susceptible to mechanical failure No noise Biocompatibility number, no long-term anticoagulation required. Disadvantages: Not long-lasting, in vivo calcification decay and destruction, from implantation to destruction in years to a decade. Choice of prosthetic heart valve Different choices are required depending on the patient. For example, a young woman who has never been married and has childbearing requirements but has a serious heart problem that requires surgery may be advised to use a bioprosthetic valve, and the patient may be advised to make the choice after being informed of the reasons. Alternatively, the patient may be advised to have a second surgery to replace the bioprosthetic valve with a mechanical valve after having a child and after the bioprosthetic valve has failed in a few years. If the patient is older than 65 years old, a bioprosthetic flap can be used, considering the inconvenience of living with a doctor. If a gay man does not have either of these special conditions, he is free to choose between a bioprosthetic or mechanical flap. One more consideration is the convenience of medical treatment, such as the need for blood sampling, laboratory tests, adjustment of medication, etc., and the possibility of other diseases requiring surgery afterwards, which is slightly more problematic with a mechanical flap.