There are four main groups of valves in the human heart: the mitral valve between the left atrium and the ventricle, the aortic valve between the left ventricle and the aorta, the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and the pulmonary valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The heart is the engine of the body, and the heart valves act like one-way valves, opening and closing the valves in a regular manner to keep the blood circulating in a certain direction. A heart valve lesion can seriously affect heart function and may even be life-threatening. The main causes of heart valve lesions are as follows: 1. Rheumatic heart disease (rheumatic heart disease), an autoimmune disease secondary to streptococcal infection, causes progressive fibrosis, thickening and even calcification of the valves. 2. 2, infective endocarditis, common in bacterial and mycobacterial infections, mainly caused by valve perforation, tearing, and even destruction. 3, ischemic heart disease, mostly seen after myocardial infarction, due to ischemic necrosis of the papillary muscles of the valve, or fracture, resulting in mitral valve closure insufficiency. 4, valve degenerative disease, mostly seen in the elderly, valve fibrosis, calcification of the changes, in recent years there is a trend of increase. 5, congenital malformations, valve congenital malformations are various, can be defective, stenosis, atresia, cleft defects and so on. 6, other such as tumor invasion, trauma, etc. can also lead to valvular lesions. Regardless of the cause, valvular changes can be manifested as: 1, valve opening is restricted, the orifice is narrow, and blood flow is obstructed; 2, valve closure is incomplete, and blood flow is regurgitated; 3, both of the above conditions coexist. Valvular dysfunction due to infective endocarditis and myocardial infarction has an acute onset, and the patient may be markedly aggravated in a short period of time. However, common rheumatic heart disease and valvular degenerative disease, with chronic, progressive and insidious characteristics, most patients can be asymptomatic in the early stage, only in the physical examination or self-conscious activity after the panic and shortness of breath and consult the doctor, only to be found with the disease. In fact, these patients may have been experiencing heart valve disease for several years, or even more than ten years. The medical treatment of cardiac insufficiency due to valvular disease mainly includes cardiotonic, diuretic, vasodilator and cause-specific medication to improve cardiac function and slow down the course of the disease. Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation can also be performed if the valvular disease becomes simple fibrous adhesive stenosis. Surgical treatment may include valvuloplasty repair or valve replacement surgery. If a patient with heart valve disease delays undergoing surgery, the valvular lesions will gradually worsen, leading to progressive impairment of the function of the heart, lungs, and other important organs in the body, and in severe cases, intractable heart failure, cardiogenic cirrhosis, and systemic malignancy may occur, resulting in the loss of the opportunity for surgery. In severe cases of heart valve disease, atrial fibrillation and left atrial thrombosis often occur, and patients are at risk of cerebral embolism or other organ embolisms. Therefore, patients with obvious valvular lesions and obvious clinical symptoms should undergo surgery as soon as possible to avoid delaying treatment and causing serious consequences.