Patients with perianal abscesses can undergo anal fistula surgery at the same time on the advice of their doctor. The principle of anal fistula surgery is to remove all fistulas. If necessary, the scar tissue around the fistula should be removed at the same time to allow the wound to heal gradually from the bottom up. Usually, in the case of a low anal fistula, the tissue between the internal and external openings can be cut directly during surgery to remove the fistula. However, in the case of a high-grade anal fistula, the surgical approach should be determined by the specific direction and depth of the fistula. Generally, high level anal fistulas require hanging thread therapy to prevent damage to the sphincter. Hanging wire therapy can act as a chronic cut to minimize damage to the anal sphincter. Through hanging wire therapy, abscesses can often achieve a one-stage cure without the formation of anal fistula, i.e., the combined surgery of perianal abscess and anal fistula is mainly incision and drainage + hanging wire therapy, which can achieve a one-stage cure. Patients with perianal abscess and anal fistula may have a chance of recurrence after surgery, but the chance of recurrence is very small, some patients may damage the anal sphincter muscle during the operation, resulting in abnormal bowel control, postoperative care is also very important. Perianal abscess plus anal fistula surgery, drainage and hanging line is the most critical, postoperative to maintain smooth drainage, hanging line to intermittent tight line, trauma disinfection and change of medicine at regular intervals, postoperative compliance with the doctor’s orders to give a certain broad-spectrum antibiotic anti-infection treatment, such as cefepime, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs static drip. After the operation, keep the bowel movement, perianal hygiene clean and clean. Perianal abscess plus anal fistula surgery, closely observe the postoperative healing, actively cooperate with the doctor’s treatment, regular outpatient review, to promote the recovery of trauma, in order to achieve the expected results of surgery.