Cardiovascular disease currently accounts for 41% of all deaths in China, with 3.5 million deaths per year, of which 70% of strokes and 50% of myocardial infarctions are related to hypertension. Domestic and international studies have confirmed that lowering blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients can reduce the risk of stroke by 40% to 50% and myocardial infarction by 15% to 30%. There are 266 million hypertensive patients in China, but the treatment rate and control rate are less than 40% and 10% respectively, and a survey shows that the one-year compliance rate of initial hypertension treatment is only 30%. So what affects the adherence of hypertensive patients to treatment? Most patients with hypertension are usually asymptomatic, and many are unaware of their high blood pressure until a physical examination or occasional blood pressure measurement reveals it, making hypertension the “silent killer. These asymptomatic hypertensive patients are usually reluctant to receive treatment. Sustained elevation of blood pressure mainly damages the heart, brain, kidneys, systemic blood vessels and other target organs, and can eventually lead to complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure and aortic coarctation. The goal of antihypertensive therapy is to reduce the risk of complications such as stroke, acute myocardial infarction and kidney disease and death by bringing the blood pressure of hypertensive patients to the target level. Seventy to 80 percent of hypertension is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, and 20 to 30 percent of hypertension is associated with congenital genetic factors. Essential hypertension is a “lifestyle disease”. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle and taking antihypertensive drugs are the main methods of treating hypertension, and one cannot be without the other. A healthy lifestyle is the foundation, and the proper use of medication is the key to achieving blood pressure standards. The two must be combined to effectively control hypertension. Once you have hypertension, not only do you need reasonable advice from your doctor, but you also need to understand the disease and cooperate with the treatment. Patients and their families need to learn about hypertension and strengthen self-management to prevent and treat hypertension scientifically. Self-management of hypertension is a chronic disease self-management method to take care of one’s own disease under the guidance of a doctor, and to acquire the knowledge, skills, confidence and communication skills needed to prevent and manage one’s own disease, so as to obtain more effective support from the doctor. The most direct effect of improved self-efficacy is improved lifestyle and blood pressure control. Learn to monitor your blood pressure, learn how to adjust your diet, stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption, exercise, and stay happy.