Cholangiocarcinoma may recur after surgery. Cholangiocarcinoma belongs to malignant tumor with high malignancy. Patients can be actively treated with surgery at early stage, which may achieve radical resection and can effectively prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life.1. Cancer cells have not metastasized: if cholangiocarcinoma has not broken through the corresponding lymphatic vessels or blood vessels and before metastasis occurs, radical resection is carried out during surgery, and according to the pathological results of the surgical resection, further chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy will be performed. Through systemic treatment, cancer cells can be better controlled or even killed, which can reduce the probability of recurrence or metastasis in the later stage, and thus achieve better therapeutic effect; 2. Cancer cells have been metastasized: cholangiocarcinoma is easy to metastasize, and many cholangiocarcinomas with high malignant degree may have metastatic tendency to lymphatic ducts or blood vessels in the early stage although the tumor is not big. In this case, even if the original lesion is completely removed by surgery, there will still be metastasis of cancer cells in other parts of the body. After the cancer cells have metastasized to other parts, they will colonize, and after colonization, they will continue to grow and proliferate, forming new metastatic lesions again, which will easily lead to recurrence after surgery. In view of the above situation, only a very small number of people may be cured after surgery when the stage of cholangiocarcinoma is early, and the vast majority of people are considered to have the possibility of recurrence.