Whether surgery is necessary for anterior mediastinal nodules needs to be determined as benign or malignant, and needs to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Anterior mediastinal nodules mainly come from the thymus, intrathoracic thyroid cysts, some nerve sheath tumors, and some are caused by inflammation, but these are benign lesions that need to be followed up and observed. Malignant tumors can also have nodules, in which case surgery is required. 1. Benign: For about 80% of anterior mediastinal nodules are benign nodules, usually without any uncomfortable manifestations, and actively follow up in the course of treatment, to clarify the growth of the nodule, if due to the increase of the nodule produces pressure symptoms, such as suffocating sensation, at this time the need for surgical intervention. 2. Malignant: malignant tumors can also have nodular manifestations, although this case is less, but should pay more attention to, malignant tumors will not only produce pressure symptoms, at the same time, it will invade adjacent tissues and organs, and a short period of time has a tendency to grow, once clear, surgical resection is the most effective treatment method. Anterior mediastinal nodules should not be ignored, and should be followed up regularly for examination and clarification of the nature of the nodules, and surgery should be performed actively when surgical indications arise to avoid disease progression.