Cavernous nodules are usually seen in inflammatory diseases, tuberculosis and tumors. The nature of the nodules can be initially determined by high-resolution CT of the chest and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Cavernous nodules smaller than 5 mm are mostly benign and generally suggest infection. If a cavernous nodule is accompanied by irregular cavities, crescentic changes, eccentric cavities, or thin-walled cavities, it generally indicates tuberculosis infection, which can easily lead to hemoptysis, and further investigation of antacid bacilli and fiberoptic bronchoscopy is needed to understand whether tuberculosis bacilli are present, and if necessary, diagnostic standardized antituberculosis treatment and surgical resection are given. If the eccentric cavernous nodules are of variable wall thickness, accompanied by clinical symptoms such as chest pain and hemoptysis, it is also necessary to be alert to cancerous cavernous nodules caused by lung cancer, and after comprehensive judgment, the lesions can be surgically removed by a thoracic surgeon to avoid hemoptysis.