Surgery can remove the herniated nucleus pulposus tissue and release the compression on the nerve. Surgery is required when a patient with lumbar disc herniation has the following conditions: 1. non-surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation is ineffective or recurs, and the symptoms are heavy and affect work and life; 2. nerve injury symptoms are obvious, extensive or even deteriorating, and there are suspected fragments of nucleus pulposus protruding into the spinal canal; 3. patients with central lumbar disc herniation who have urinary and fecal dysfunction; 4. lumbar disc herniation combined with obvious lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar spinal slippage.