The development of surgery in the 20th century has made surgery no longer “off-limits”. However, people also realized that surgery is a “double-edged sword”, which can damage the patient’s resistance and immunity while removing cancerous tumors. More and more evidence from modern oncology research shows that malignant tumor is a systemic disease, and surgery only eliminates the clinically visible “cancer bunkers”; while the invisible “scattered bandits” scattered in the organism mainly rely on the patient’s The invisible “scattered bandits” in the organism will be further “cleared” by the patient’s own resistance. Minimally invasive surgery greatly preserves the patient’s immune function, which is the most critical force and the best “weapon” for patients to fight against tumors. It has been 14 years since Fowler and Jacobs successfully used laparoscopic techniques for colon resection in 1990. While it is understandable to be concerned and cautious about this new procedure at the beginning, the current rapid development of laparoscopic surgery and the large amount of clinical data in China and abroad prove that the benefits of laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery are undeniable. The standardized operation can fully guarantee its curative nature, while the minimally invasive advantages brought by laparoscopy are not comparable to those of open surgery. This technique is becoming increasingly mature in continuous exploration, and has gradually accumulated tens of thousands of cases with more than 10 years of follow-up. Prospective and retrospective studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic colectomy. In China, laparoscopic assisted colectomy was first carried out in 1993, and now there are about 50 large hospitals carrying out laparoscopic colectomy and rectal surgery, mainly for malignant tumor resection. However, due to the level of economic development and concepts, there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries. According to the traditional cesarean surgery, the scope of colon and rectal cancer surgery is large (only the incision is as long as 20cm), and the surgery is also traumatic, with a lot of bleeding (especially for rectal cancer, blood transfusion is often needed during surgery), slow recovery and high complication rate, which bring great pain to patients and great psychological trauma to patients, while the immune function suffers a heavy blow. In contrast, laparoscopic-assisted colon and rectal surgery has the advantages of less trauma, less contamination during surgery, less blood loss during surgery, less systemic inflammatory reaction, faster recovery of body functions after surgery, early bedtime and early return to normal activities. The incidence of postoperative intestinal adhesions, intestinal obstruction, and abdominal pain is also greatly reduced, complications and mortality are reduced to varying degrees, and patients’ quality of life is improved and the efficacy of treatment is enhanced. Recent data showed that laparoscopic surgery for colon and rectal cancer was compared with conventional cesarean surgery in a non-randomized, concurrent control, comparing the length of intestinal segments, tumor size, number of lymph nodes dissected, positive rate of tumor cells in preoperative and postoperative peritoneal irrigation fluid, local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate seen in the postoperative follow-up between the two groups. The results showed no differences between the two groups in terms of tumor size, surgical site, and surgical approach, and no differences in the comparison of tumor cells shed in preoperative, postoperative, and surgical instrument rinse fluid. A large, multicenter, randomized controlled study that included more than 1700 cases demonstrated that there was no difference in the number of lymph nodes cleared between the two groups in laparoscopic surgery compared with conventional dissection —- indicating that the surgery was thorough, while the prognosis such as postoperative local recurrence and overall survival was better than that of conventional open surgery. The main reason lies in the fact that the minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery preserves the autoimmune function to the maximum extent. It is the preservation of autoimmune function, the most critical force against tumors, that makes laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery safe and thorough. With the development of laparoscopic tumor-free technology, tumor localization and lumpectomy anastomosis, the application of laparoscopy for minimally invasive surgery on colon and rectal lesions can not only achieve the effect of conventional surgery, but also, due to the magnifying effect of laparoscopy, the surgical field is clearer and less likely to damage the surrounding tissues, and minimally invasive surgery under laparoscopy can reach or even exceed the required range of tumor clearance and resection for open surgery. Thus, it also relieves people of an important concern: whether minimally invasive surgery can cut the tumor cleanly. Laparoscopic colon and rectal resection is a safe and effective surgical procedure that can achieve the treatment purpose as long as the operation is standardized. Laparoscopic technology will become an important treatment tool in colon and rectal tumor surgery and promote the promotion of minimally invasive surgery in gastrointestinal surgery. Our department is one of the earlier units in China to carry out laparoscopic surgery (1994), and the technique of laparoscopic surgery is very mature. So far, we have performed laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery on more than 200 cases of colorectal cancer patients, all of whom have achieved satisfactory results and deeply felt the benefits it brings to both patients and surgeons. For patients with low rectal cancer, laparoscopic surgery has another big advantage: in conventional surgery for low rectal cancer, the surgical field of view is extremely small due to the patient’s small pelvis, which is invisible not only to the surgical assistant, but also to the surgeon himself, who can only rely on the sensation of his hands to separate. Low and middle-grade rectal cancer accounts for 75% of rectal cancer. According to the principle of traditional surgery, more than 2/3 of patients will undergo permanent rerouting stoma surgery, and the patients will defecate via abdominal pseudo-anus later; there are high recurrence rate and different degrees of sexual and urinary dysfunction and perineal scar pain in the near and long term after surgery. In contrast, the application of laparoscopy for low rectal cancer surgery enables a very clear view of the surgical field and allows careful dissection and separation under visual inspection down to the pelvic floor muscles, thus reducing possible misinjuries and potentially giving patients who cannot be anally preserved by conventional surgery the opportunity to do so. In the last 10 years or so, laparoscopic surgery has led to a significant increase in the rate of anus preservation in low or ultra-low rectal cancer and a decrease in the rate of local recurrence. The current types of laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery are almost identical to traditional cesarean surgery. There are mainly the following: right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy and transverse colectomy; colostomy, sigmoid fixation; radical surgery for right hemicolectomy, transverse colectomy, radical surgery for left hemicolectomy, radical surgery for rectal cancer and total colectomy. Which patients are suitable for laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery? (1) Patients with benign colon and rectal diseases: colon and rectal polyps that cannot be removed by colonoscopy, diverticulosis that requires resection of intestinal segments, sigmoid colon torsion, congenital megacolon, segmental colorectal muscle weakness and rectal prolapse are good indications for laparoscopic surgery. (2) Patients with malignant disease of colon and rectum: radical and palliative surgery for colon and rectal cancer, mass removal or colostomy, etc. are good indications for laparoscopic surgery. Who are not suitable for laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery? Those with poor heart, lung, liver and kidney function, bleeding tendency, severe intra-abdominal adhesions, and other serious systemic diseases, etc.; tumors invading the uterus, bladder, ureter, small intestine, duodenum and pelvis and other adjacent organs are contraindications.