Minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer is mainly accomplished with the adjunctive use of luminal instruments during conventional rectal cancer surgery. Rectal cancer is one of the common lesions of the digestive system and originates from the epithelial cells of the rectum. For patients diagnosed with rectal cancer, surgical treatment is the mainstay. Among them, radical surgery mainly includes abdominal perineal resection (Miles’ surgery), low anterior resection (Dixon’s surgery), and rectal cancer resection with preservation of anal sphincter. If the patient’s condition is so serious that radical surgery is not possible, palliative surgery can be performed, with transabdominal rectal cancer resection, proximal stoma, and distal closure surgery (Hartmann’s surgery) as the mainstay. At present, for rectal cancer limited to the rectal mucosa, minimally invasive surgery can be performed under the condition of colonoscopy to remove the cancer, and then chemotherapy and radiotherapy such as capecitabine, oxaliplatin and other drugs can be given after the surgery. Minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer can isolate the cancer lesion more finely, thus reducing the damage to local blood vessels, nerves and other tissues. Patients can recover faster and have fewer complications after surgery. However, patients with lymphatic metastasis cannot undergo minimally invasive surgery because minimally invasive surgery cannot do peripheral lymph node dissection. Which specific surgical measures to take, the doctor will improve the examination, combined with the patient’s basic situation to choose the application, and inform the patient and family members, the drug should be applied under the guidance of the doctor.