The key to preventing monkeypox virus lies in controlling the source of infection, cutting off the means of transmission, and protecting the susceptible population. According to the results of epidemiological investigation, the main source of monkeypox is rodents infected with monkeypox virus, primates such as monkeys, chimpanzees, and human beings can also become the source of infection. Therefore, in infected areas, we need to avoid contact with infectious agents as much as possible. From the perspective of cutting off the transmission route, monkeypox virus can invade the human body through mucous membranes and broken skin, so we need to stay away from infected animals as far as possible to avoid being infected by their bites or scratches. For patients, the infection is mainly spread from person to person through close contact and droplet transmission, so we need to do a good job of personal protection in our daily life, pay attention to do a good job of daily disinfection, avoid contact with objects contaminated by the virus and become infected. Since monkeypox virus is generally susceptible to the population, although there is no specific vaccine preparation for the prevention of monkeypox, there is a certain degree of cross-protection against the monkeypox virus in those who have received smallpox vaccine in the past, so smallpox vaccination can be used to achieve the effect of prevention.