Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) gene mutations include four kinds of germ cell RET missense mutation, rearrangement, loss and somatic cell RET mutation. 1.Gene mutations of germ cell proto-oncogene RET: including missense mutation, rearrangement and loss, associated with hereditary patients, classify medullary thyroid carcinoma into multiple endocrine adenomas 2A, multiple endocrine adenomas 2B and familial non-multiple endocrine adenomatous MTC. (1) Missense mutations. This type of mutation is associated with multiple endocrine adenomas 2A and is usually seen in conjunction with pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism. (2) Rearrangements. Mutations in this class of genes are associated with multiple endocrine adenomas 2B and do not complicate parathyroid disease. (3) Losses. This type of mutation is associated with familial non-multiple endocrine adenomatous MTC and is a variant type of multiple endocrine adenoma 2A. 2. Somatic proto-oncogene RET mutations. This gene mutation is associated with sporadic patients, and sporadic MTC is by far the most common type of MTC. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is more serious, and it is recommended that patients go to the hospital as soon as possible after discovery to clarify the specific type of medullary thyroid carcinoma, so that doctors can provide targeted treatment.