Diabetic patients with calf pain generally need to be examined to determine the cause of calf pain. The more common cause is diabetic lower extremity neuropathy or diabetic lower extremity arteriopathy, which can be determined by lower extremity electromyography or ultrasound of both lower extremity arteries to determine whether there is diabetic neuropathy or lower extremity vascular disease. If pain is diagnosed as diabetic lower extremity neuropathy, patients can take oral nerve-nourishing drugs (such as epalrestat, methylcobalamin, etc.) and drugs to reduce nerve pain (such as pregabalin, gabapentin, etc.). If the pain in the lower leg is caused by diagnosed lower limb vascular stenosis or occlusion, oral antiplatelet or circulation improving drugs can be given to improve blood flow to the lower limb and relieve pain, while severe patients will need to be hospitalized for surgical intervention.