From 1882, when Forlainini pioneered the artificial pneumothorax for the treatment of tuberculosis, to the 1940s, when anti-tuberculosis drugs became available, surgery was once the only means of treating tuberculosis. Since the 1950s, after the peak of surgical treatment of tuberculosis, surgery has been used in the treatment of tuberculosis, more often in cases of tuberculosis that are difficult to diagnose and really difficult to treat in internal medicine[1-7] . With the introduction of anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin, improvements in chemotherapy regimens and advances in CT and other diagnostic tools, the number of tuberculosis patients suitable for surgery has gradually decreased and the indications for surgery have become more stringent. In recent years, tuberculosis has made a comeback worldwide, with about 1/3 of the world’s population infected with tuberculosis bacilli and about 20-3 million tuberculosis deaths per year [4]; the emergence of multidrug-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has been reported in about 58 countries and regions, and the proportion is on the rise, which makes internal medicine treatment difficult [5]. Until more effective and targeted drugs are available, surgical treatment is again expected; meta-analyses show that surgery, a traditional treatment, is once again indispensable [1,4,8].