The treatment of thoracic 12 vertebral fracture needs to be decided according to the degree of fracture and the clinical symptoms of the patient, and the commonly used treatment methods include conservative treatment and surgery. If the patient’s thoracic 12 vertebrae compression is mild and the spine remains intact, no special treatment is needed and conservative treatment is mostly used. The patient needs to lie flat on a hard bed, turn over appropriately to prevent thrombosis, pay attention to a balanced diet, and do early muscle function training according to the fracture healing, which is conducive to accelerating the recovery of the condition. If the patient’s thoracic 12 vertebrae are partially inserted into the anterior spinal canal or have triggered secondary spinal stenosis, surgical treatment is often used at this time. If the patient is older and the fracture is caused by osteoporosis, minimally invasive surgery, such as vertebroplasty, is feasible, and the recovery is faster; middle-aged and young people with fractures can be feasible for internal fixation of the fracture with incision and repositioning of the pedicle root nail. If a fracture of the 12 thoracic vertebrae occurs, it is necessary to consult a doctor in time and have the doctor clarify the condition and take relevant treatments to avoid delaying the condition.