Screening for inherited metabolic diseases is necessary. Screening plays an important role in improving the quality of the birth population and avoiding mental retardation and physical disability in children. Inherited metabolic diseases are a group of diseases in which defects in enzymes and proteins necessary for normal metabolism in the body are caused by gene mutations, resulting in the accumulation of abnormal substances and the lack of essential substances. They are insidious in the early neonatal period and lack specific clinical manifestations, making them easy to miss or misdiagnose. Once the abnormality is detected or realized, the best treatment period has already been lost, therefore, it will cause irreversible damage to the patient’s physical health and intellectual development, and it is necessary to screen and diagnose the disease in the early neonatal period with the help of some special monitoring techniques.