Azoospermia can be categorized into two main types. The first type is testicular spermatogenesis dysfunction, in which sperm cannot be produced, also known as true azoospermia. The second category is testicular spermatogenesis is normal, but the vas deferens is blocked, sperm can not be discharged from the body, also known as obstructive azoospermia. I. Spermatogenesis disorders 1. Hereditary diseases: autosomal or sex chromosome abnormality affects sperm production in the testes, such as Klinefelter’s syndrome. 2. Congenital testicular abnormality: abnormal testicular development or abnormal testicular position can cause spermatogenesis disorder. 3, testicular lesions: such as testicular trauma, inflammation, torsion and testicular vascular lesions. 4.Endocrine diseases, pituitary hyperfunction or hypopituitarism, pituitary tumors, adrenal hyperfunction or hypopituitarism, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism can all affect spermatogenesis and cause azoospermia. 5, severe systemic diseases and malnutrition can cause azoospermia. 6, radiation damage and drugs, especially cytotoxic drugs and other factors, so that the testicular spermatogenic cell damage, severe azoospermia can be caused. Obstructive azoospermia: The patients have normal secondary sexual characteristics, libido, sexual function, normal testicular development and spermatogenesis, but no sperms are discharged due to the obstruction of the vas deferens. The causes of azoospermia include: 1, congenital malformations, commonly ectopic epididymal head, epididymal duct atresia, vas deferens is absent or undeveloped; 2, infections, gonococcus, tuberculosis and some other bacterial infections can cause obstruction of epididymis and vas deferens; 3, epididymal cysts at the epididymal ducts caused by the compression of the epididymal ducts blockage; 4, injuries to make the vas deferens blocked. Diagnosis of azoospermia needs to be careful after centrifugation of semen to take the sediment microscopic examination, 3 times are not found sperm, can be diagnosed as azoospermia, need to further clarify the cause of the disease. Physical examination, pay attention to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and external genital development, if the testicular volume is less than 10 milliliters, the texture is abnormally soft, often suggests that the testicular function is poor, palpation should pay attention to the epididymis, the vas deferens with or without deformities, nodules, and so on. Endocrine examination, serum FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), PRL (prolactin), T (testosterone), DHT (dihydrotestosterone) can help to identify primary testicular failure or secondary testicular failure. In addition, testicular ultrasound can detect gross testicular lesions, and testicular biopsy can provide a more definitive basis for diagnosis and treatment. How to find fertility hope in azoospermia 1, spermatogenesis disorders resulting in true azoospermia treatment The treatment effect of this type of disease is poorer, especially in azoospermia and testicular pathological changes in serious diseases. Patients with bilateral cryptorchidism can still save their fertility if they have early surgery, but if they are older than 5 years old and still have not been operated, the prognosis is poor. For patients with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia, Prof. Palomba used FSH injections (150 IU 3 times a week for 3 months), which resulted in significant improvement in sperm concentration, motility and morphology. 2.Treatment of Obstructive Azoospermia For those who have obstruction due to inflammation and edema of vas deferens, antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids can be used; for those who have cystic compression, the cyst can be removed surgically; and if sperms can be found in testes or epididymis, they can be given birth through in vitro fertilization (IVF), with a success rate of about 30%.