Recent studies have shown that nicotine acts on the intima of arteries to cause fatty lesions, disrupts the intima, promotes platelet aggregation and monocyte adhesion, increases the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, affects endothelium-dependent coronary diastole, and reduces endothelial blood flow in arteries. Nicotine significantly affects the expression of some genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response in macrophages, while decreasing aopA-Ⅰ mediated cholesterol efflux. Moreover, smoking leads to increased levels of inflammatory markers. Nicotine-containing nasal sprays, which are used as alternative therapeutic agents for smokers who quit, also increase the risk of heart disease. Platelet aggregation improved after just 2 weeks of smoking cessation; HDL increased significantly after 4 weeks of smoking cessation. Within 2 years of quitting smoking, the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke was reduced by 50%. The risk of stroke returns to the same level as normal nonsmoking after 5 years of quitting, and the risk of oral, esophageal, and bladder cancers is halved; the risk of lung cancer is halved after 10 years, and the risk of cerebrovascular emergencies is the same as that of nonsmokers. In addition, quitting smoking can reduce the incidence and mortality of stroke and tumors, improve patients’ quality of life, and reduce the heavy economic burden due to smoking-related diseases. The implementation of the smoking cessation process requires the joint participation of sociology, behavioral medicine, psychological medicine, and biomedicine. In 2008, the U.S. Public Health Service issued a new version of its clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of tobacco use and tobacco dependence, which proposes a five “A” framework for smoking cessation: ask about Ask about smoking, use clear, firm, and personalized language to urge each smoker to quit, assess the desire to quit, help each smoker make a quit attempt, provide pharmacotherapy and counseling, and arrange follow-up visits. Nicotine replacement therapy increases the chance of successful cessation by a factor of 1 compared to placebo. Nicotine-selective receptor antagonists have a high affinity for nicotine receptors and indirectly act as an anti-nicotine-producing dependence, while blocking nicotine-related effects. Among antidepressants, bupropion and nortriptyline help to quit smoking and increase the chance of successful cessation by 1-fold.