Thumb and index finger pinch dysfunction is a clinical manifestation of nerve injury to the median nerve in the hand, thumb abduction dysfunction and thumb and index finger pinch dysfunction due to thumb short extensor muscle paralysis. The nerve innervation of the hand mainly comes from the median nerve, ulnar nerve and radial nerve. Because nerve injury not only causes sensory impairment, but also often involves the motor and sympathetic nerve function of the hand, so it has a greater impact on hand function, if not treated in time, once the small muscles of the hand atrophy, it will affect the effect of treatment. Therefore, it is important to detect and treat nerve damage in the hand in a timely manner. The sensory nerves of the fingers are the nerve roots from the cervical spinal cord, which form the brachial plexus nerve in the cervical axilla, and then the radial and ulnar nerves leading to the upper arm and the peripheral nerves distributed to the hand and fingers. If the nerves in these areas are damaged, inflammation or tumors can cause abnormal sensation and finger numbness and pain. Injury to the median nerve, ulnar and radial nerves in the proximal forearm and elbow can cause dysfunction in finger flexion and extension; hand trauma often involves the distal forearm and wrist, except for the radial nerve, which only causes hypesthesia in the tiger’s mouth, and injury to the median and ulnar nerves can cause dysfunction in the internal muscles of the hand and important sensory impairment in the hand.