The uterus is one of the internal reproductive organs of a woman and is located deep in the pelvis in the lower abdomen. The uterus is shaped like an upside down duck pear and is normally a little smaller than a woman’s own fist. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterus that occur in women between the ages of 30 and 50 (or younger, of course), and are also known as “uterine fibroids”, “fibroids”, or “smooth fibroids”. smooth fibroids”, often referred to simply as fibroids. According to some sources, one in four to five women over the age of 35 have fibroids, but some have symptoms that are not obvious and go undiagnosed. The cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but it is generally believed to be related to elevated or disturbed levels of estrogen in a woman’s body. It is currently believed that constant stimulation by high levels of estrogen is the main reason for the development of fibroids. There is a lot of evidence to support this view: pre-pubertal girls, due to the body’s estrogen level is not high, rarely occurring fibroids; women after menopause, estrogen significantly reduce the pre-existing fibroids will stop growing, or even atrophy; women due to a variety of reasons after the removal of the ovaries, the fibroids will also shrink. However, if estrogen is used in women who have had their ovaries removed, the fibroids that have shrunk can return to their original size or even grow new ones. Are fibroids hereditary? It is now believed that many diseases are hereditary or have a genetic predisposition. When one of identical twins (two embryos formed by the division of a fertilized egg during development) has fibroids, the other has a high percentage of fibroids. In addition, when a mother has fibroids, her daughters are also more likely to have fibroids. Therefore, it can be said that there is a genetic predisposition to fibroids, although the pattern of inheritance is not known. Uterine fibroids can grow only one (solitary fibroid) or dozens, tens or even hundreds (multiple fibroids). However, regardless of the size of the fibroid, and whether it is a solitary or multiple fibroid, it initially originates from the uterine muscle wall, and later has a different name due to the fact that it pushes its growth in different directions. Let us imagine the uterus as a house, with the uterine cavity equivalent to the rooms and the myometrium equivalent to the walls. The inner surface of the wall has a membrane called the endometrium (also called mucosa), which grows and sheds under the precise regulation of ovarian hormones to form menstruation. The outer surface of the wall also has a membrane called the plasma membrane. If most or all of the fibroid remains in the wall (myometrium), it is called an intermural fibroid and is the most common type of fibroid. If the fibroid develops towards the outer wall (plasma membrane surface) and most of it protrudes from the surface of the uterus, or even when only a layer of plasma membrane remains to cover it, it is called subplasma fibroid; if the fibroid develops in the direction of the inner wall (endometrium), and most of it protrudes from the uterine cavity, or even when only a layer of mucosa remains to cover it, it is called submucosal fibroid. The clinical manifestations of fibroids in different parts of the body vary greatly. Most of the fibroids grow on the upper uterine body, but there are some fibroids grow on the lower cervix, which are called cervical fibroids; in addition, fibroids originated from the myometrium can also grow into the broad ligament on both sides of the uterus, forming broad ligament fibroids. These two types of fibroids have a special location and a close relationship with the ureter, which makes them susceptible to collateral damage during surgery, and the surgeon will pay special attention to them.