Interstitial pneumonia is inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the lungs. The interstitium is the fibrous connective tissue around the bronchioles, between the lobules and at the interalveolar septa, which is a loose mesh tissue that provides support for the alveoli, and inflammation in this area is interstitial pneumonia. The main pathogens of interstitial pneumonia are viruses, commonly influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc. Mycoplasma infection and autoimmune diseases are also common causes of interstitial pneumonia. The main symptoms of interstitial pneumonia are cough, shortness of breath, progressive dyspnea, and in severe cases, respiratory distress and even respiratory failure. As the inflammation progresses, the interstitium of the lungs will become fibrotic, leading to ventilation and air exchange dysfunction. Treatment is mainly glucocorticoids, immunological agents, and antibiotics if combined with bacterial infection. Interstitial pneumonia needs to be actively treated under the guidance of a doctor to relieve symptoms and avoid progression of the disease.