After your baby is born, you may notice that his skin is yellow, don’t worry, yellowing of the skin of newborns is normal. About 50% to 60% of babies born at full term will have yellow skin in the first week or two, medically known as “neonatal jaundice”. In fact, all newborns have varying degrees of jaundice, but in some babies it is not very pronounced. In most cases, neonatal jaundice is a temporary phenomenon that is not a problem and will subside on its own or with simple treatment. However, in rare cases, some newborns may have severe jaundice. If you are discharged from the hospital soon after birth, your baby may develop jaundice at home and you may be the first person to notice the symptoms of neonatal jaundice. Please refer to the following method to determine if your baby has neonatal jaundice: Bring your baby into a room with plenty of natural light or fluorescent (fluorescent, incandescent) lights. If your baby’s skin is quite white, gently press your finger against your baby’s forehead, nose or chest and watch carefully to see if the skin at the point of pressure appears yellow when you release your finger. If your baby’s skin tone is dark, then check the whites of his eyes (sclera) for yellow staining. See what experts say about the treatment of neonatal jaundice: Neonatal jaundice is a common problem. The jaundice that appears in the first week after birth should not be the breast milk jaundice that is often mentioned. After excluding pathological factors such as hemolysis, it is most important to enhance feeding – encourage breastfeeding, and not to stop breastfeeding. While breastfeeding, assess the degree of weight loss of the baby. If it is less than 7% of the birth weight, insist on breastfeeding, receive sunlight or phototherapy, and supplement treatment with oral solution of gardenia yellow. Neonatal jaundice includes breastfeeding jaundice and breast milk jaundice. Breast-feeding jaundice is due to insufficient early feeding and little defecation, resulting in the accumulation of bilirubin in the body, causing skin jaundice. Most of the jaundice gradually subsides after 5-7 days of life. Breastfeeding jaundice starts a few days after birth and can last for 2-3 months. In severe cases, breast milk can be suspended. As long as the jaundice is not severe, no treatment is needed, and it does not affect growth or vaccination. Do not think that newborns with jaundice should necessarily stop breastfeeding and switch to powdered formula; moreover, do not think that powdered formula can prevent jaundice and facilitate weight gain in early infancy. The main causes of neonatal jaundice are increased red blood cell destruction after birth (due to high red blood cell levels in the fetal period), immature liver function, and slow intestinal excretion. Illumination and increased feeding will be effective. Phototherapy is a very safe modality. It is important to pay attention to pathological jaundice and not to delay it. There are three types of pathological jaundice to be aware of: neonatal hemolytic disease, infantile hepatitis syndrome, and congenital common bile duct cyst. Neonatal hemolytic disease is most often seen in babies born to O- or RH-negative mothers. Jaundice appears early in these children, usually within 24 hours after birth; and the jaundice index rises rapidly, exceeding 5 mg/dl per day; the peak value is high. A mother-infant blood group discrepancy and a positive screening test for neonatal hemolytic disease can indicate the disease. In mild cases, blue light irradiation and intravenous addition of drugs such as gammaglobulin are required, while in severe cases, blood exchange therapy is needed. If treatment is delayed and bilirubin encephalopathy occurs, 100% of the mild cases will survive with serious sequelae, and the severe cases can lead to death. Infantile hepatitis syndrome is caused by intrauterine or extrauterine viral infections and other factors, with hepatosplenomegaly, liver function abnormalities, jaundice, poor nutrition and weight gain as the main clinical manifestations. If a newborn has jaundice that does not subside, or recedes but reappears, or if the stool is normal at birth but gradually turns light yellow or gradually turns white, or if the jaundice is dull yellow, be alert to the disease. This year, there have been several cases of cytomegalovirus hepatitis infection in children due to ingestion of breast milk containing cytomegalovirus, which should be treated with ganciclovir. Congenital common bile duct cyst, also known as common bile duct dilatation, is a biliary malformation characterized by cystic or pyknotic dilatation of the common bile duct with or without dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts, and is the most common congenital anomaly and the most common of the congenital hepatobiliary system cysts, which can be accompanied by other lesions. The three main clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, jaundice, and abdominal masses, with white clay-like changes in the stool. If suspected, abdominal ultrasound, CT, and cholangiography are available to assist in the diagnosis.