The normal range of urine leukocytes is less than 2 per high power field of view, in the high power field of view, if the leukocytes more than 5 suggest inflammation, the more leukocytes, the more serious inflammation. But from the number of white blood cells can not determine whether the nephritis, because pyelonephritis can also appear in the urine routine white blood cells increased, to combine with the symptoms to confirm the diagnosis. Acute nephritis is caused by bacterial infection, almost always have hematuria in addition to increased white blood cells, mostly in children, some with proteinuria and high blood pressure, this is a disease that can be cured by itself. Pyelonephritis is a urinary tract infection, in addition to high white blood cells in urine, there is also an increase in body temperature, most of which is above 38℃, accompanied by urinary tract irritation, such as urinary frequency, urgency, painful urination, which may develop into sepsis if not actively treated, which is a different kind of disease. Any laboratory results should not be viewed mechanically, and should be combined with symptoms and examination to confirm the diagnosis.