Cerebral white matter abnormalities are demyelinating changes in the white matter within the brain tissue. Cerebral white matter abnormalities may be a result of changes in brain tissue that occur with aging, or they may be caused by infections and other causes of the disease. Cerebral white matter abnormalities are demyelinating lesions that are common in middle-aged and older adults. As patients age, they may develop cerebral white matter abnormalities, often without obvious symptoms, which can be seen as patchy ischemic foci of cerebral white matter by imaging. Cerebral white matter abnormalities may also be caused by viral infections and other causes. People with high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and long-term smoking are at high risk for white matter lesions. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stages of cerebral white matter abnormalities. Along with the development of the disease, there will be emotional apathy, cognitive function decline and so on. In severe cases, patients may also have sensory and motor disorders. Patients with leukoencephalopathy need to seek timely medical treatment, and the treatment should be based on the doctor’s advice and the choice of appropriate medication.