Rheumatic heart valve disease is a heart disease that is left over from acute rheumatic heart disease and is dominated by valvular lesions. After repeated inflammation of the original smooth, thin, soft and elastic valves, the valves become thickened, adherent, deformed and the tendons shorten and thicken, resulting in valve stenosis or incomplete closure. I. Etiology and pathogenesis Patients generally suffer from rheumatism first. It is currently believed that rheumatism is a chronic and recurrent metabolic disease, which is associated with Streptococcus aureus infection. The lesions involving the heart are called rheumatic cardiitis, which often leaves heart valves & damage, and progressively worsen with the frequent recurrence of rheumatic disease, producing hemodynamic changes, leading to heart failure, endangering life and health. The better common damage site is the mitral valve, followed by the aortic valve, as follows: mitral stenosis, the left atrial blood flow into the left ventricle is not smooth, the left main atrium blood increase, pressure increases, resulting in left atrial hypertrophy and expansion, pulmonary veins and pulmonary capillary pressure also increased at any time, resulting in expansion and stasis, the formation of When the patient is physically active, dyspnea occurs, and in severe cases, he or she may have nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea and coughing, often accompanied by hemoptysis, cyanosis and pulmonary edema (large amounts of pink foamy sputum), at which time the left atrial failure has already occurred. The progression of the disease leads to pulmonary hypertension, hypertrophy and enlargement of the right ventricle due to the increased burden, which later leads to right heart failure, causing venous depression, liver enlargement and swelling, subcutaneous edema and ascites. Diastolic murmurs can be heard on auscultation, and enlarged left atrium and right ventricle can be detected on X-ray. The electrocardiogram may reveal abnormalities such as hypertrophy of the left atrium and right ventricle. In mitral valve insufficiency, the left atrial blood volume increases due to blood regurgitation and the left atrium enlarges with hypertrophy. The amount of excess blood from the left atrium flows back to the left ventricle during ventricular diastole, causing enlargement and hypertrophy of the left ventricle, which gradually loses compensatory function, followed by pulmonary stasis and increased pulmonary artery pressure, resulting in hypertrophy and expansion of the right ventricle. If the heart is well compensated, the patient may have no obvious symptoms. If the compensatory capacity is lost, the patient may have weakness, palpitations, dyspnea after exertion and other manifestations of left heart failure. After better, right heart failure manifestations such as edema and abdominal distension may appear. There may be obvious systolic murmur on cardiac auscultation, and the left atrium and left ventricle may be enlarged on X-ray. The electrocardiogram may show abnormal findings. Aortic valve insufficiency leads to increased blood volume in the left ventricle, producing compensatory dilation and hypertrophy. Those with mild lesions or strong compensatory capacity may be asymptomatic for a long time. Those with significant lesions may have palpitations, shortness of breath, precordial discomfort and head pounding sensation, and in a few cases, angina pectoris, and in severe cases, symptoms of left heart failure. The patient’s blood pressure can be measured with increased systolic pressure and decreased diastolic pressure, and capillary pulsations can be seen in the lips and nails (the pulsations are more obvious under the nail bed when the nails are lightly pressed). The electrocardiogram is normal or abnormal. In aortic stenosis, compensatory hypertrophy and dilatation occurs due to obstruction of left ventricular blood drainage. Severe stenosis can cause decreased coronary blood flow and inadequate cerebral blood supply. In mild cases, there may be no obvious symptoms, but in severe cases, vertigo or syncope may occur due to cerebral ischemia, or angina pectoris due to insufficient coronary blood supply and myocardial hypertrophy, and even sudden death. Late stage may have symptoms of left heart failure. There may be a systolic murmur in the aortic valve area on auscultation, and left ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement on X-ray. Abnormal changes can be seen in the electrocardiogram. Combined valve disease: A patient with two or more valve lesions at the same time is called combined valve disease. The patient’s performance is basically a combination of each valve lesion. Third, home care rheumatic heart valve disease has been diagnosed, should be hospitalized. If there is no rheumatic activity, heart failure and subacute heart failure and subacute bacterial endocarditis and other co-morbidities, you can also carry out home care under the guidance of a physician. Fourth, precautions 1, taking anti-rheumatic drugs can cause patients nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and other gastrointestinal reactions, should be given between meals or at the same time to the stomach Shu Ping 3 tablets to take. 2, taking digitalis-type cardiac drugs, should be used under the guidance of a physician, if anorexia occurs during the drug, should immediately stop the drug, and report to the physician. Once digitalis toxicity is determined, 10 ml of 10% potassium chloride solution should be taken 3 times a day. If there are frequent premature ventricular contractions, use phenytoin sodium 0.1 gram, 3 times a day intramuscularly or orally. 3. During treatment and recovery, if heart failure, severe arrhythmia, subacute bacterial endocarditis (unexplained fever, progressive anemia, hematuria, splenomegaly and skin bleeding spots should be noted to occur), arterial embolism (atrial thrombus dislodged, blocking cerebral artery may cause hemiplegia; blocking pulmonary artery may cause chest pain, dyspnea and hemoptysis; blocking renal artery may cause hematuria, etc.) should be sent to hospital promptly Treatment. The disease is a consequence of rheumatism, and active prevention of hemolytic streptococcal infection is the key to prevent this disease. Strengthening physical exercise to enhance the body’s ability to resist disease also has an important preventive role. Active and effective treatment of streptococcal infections, such as & tonsillitis, dental caries and chronic lesions such as paranasal sinusitis, can prevent and reduce the occurrence of this disease.