Both white blood cells and red blood cells are elevated in the urine, which is most commonly associated with urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis and acute cystitis, both of which are caused by local inflammation when bacteria infect the urinary tract. After the bacteria have infected the urinary tract, white blood cells will gather there, and their main role is to kill the bacteria. The inflammation produces local damage and bleeds when the blood vessels are damaged, and red blood cells can be detected in the urine. In addition to elevated white blood cells and red blood cells in the urine, urinary tract infections are also associated with symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, back pain, and fever, and urine culture tests can produce bacteria. Urinary tract infections are very common in clinical practice and are not very serious. Once a urinary tract infection is diagnosed, antibiotic anti-infection treatment is required. After anti-infection treatment, the majority of patients can be cured.