The incidence of renal failure has increased in recent years due to economic development and environmental changes. Due to the rapid development of blood purification devices and technologies, the field of application of blood purification in children has gradually broadened and the spectrum of diseases treated has significantly increased. This has led to a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute and chronic renal failure. The choice of hemodialysis modality for children should take into account the primary disease of the child, clinical status, equipment conditions of the hospital and the training of the renal professionals. Peritoneal dialysis is relatively simple and suitable for small infants with simple renal failure and technical conditions that do not allow hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy. Intermittent hemodialysis is preferred in the treatment of acute renal failure and hyperkalemia. Continuous renal replacement therapy provides a safe and effective renal replacement therapy for children with critical conditions. Hemodialysis will have a broader developmental prospect in pediatrics. Jiao Liping, Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children’s Hospital