Neurosurgical stereotactic surgery, referred to as brain stereotactic surgery, is to use the principle of stereotactic orientation in space to determine an anatomical structure or lesion in the brain, i.e., the coordinates of the target point in the skull through imaging localization and measurement, and then operate on the target point through special instruments and devices with the help of a stereotactic instrument to achieve the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. With the rapid development of computer technology in recent years, the improvement of imaging techniques such as CT and MRI has provided a basic platform, and the stereotactic instrument is also developing in the direction of universal, precise and lightweight, all of which make the development of stereotactic neurosurgery into a new stage. However, there are still defects, such as: stereotactic device is bulky, lack of flexibility; positioning and guidance is not real-time, non-intuitive and complex calculation methods; not suitable for children or thin skull, positioning frame affects tracheal intubation, increasing the difficulty of anesthesia operations. The neuronavigation technology, also known as frameless stereotactic technology or image-guided surgery, provides true dynamic image guidance including orientation and localization information, and provides not only point and line data, but also precise volume and orientation coordinates through accurate three-dimensional digital images. This technique does not significantly interfere with conventional neurosurgical procedures, and the preparation time for surgery is relatively longer, but makes the operation time significantly shorter. Meanwhile, with the emergence of intraoperative ultrasound or intraoperative MRI technology, the image drift defect of navigation technology has been effectively solved, and the development of robotics and remote control surgery can be better combined with the navigation system to make modern neurosurgery more minimally invasive, minimally invasive and safer.