Breasts are very important for women. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Breast-conserving treatment has good cosmetic effect. There is no significant difference in overall cure rate, overall survival rate and local recurrence rate when breast-conserving surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy is compared with radical surgery. Breast-conserving treatment for breast cancer not only preserves the breast, but also causes less damage and complications, and has become the preferred procedure for stage I and II breast cancer in Europe and the United States. In China, breast-conserving treatment is still a “myth” for most breast cancer patients, and less than 10% of them receive breast-conserving treatment, while in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, only about 30% of breast cancer patients undergo total mastectomy. A lot of evidence-based medical research shows that breast cancer is a systemic disease and surgical excision alone cannot achieve the best outcome. Whether breast-conserving surgery or radical surgery, it is a local treatment. After the local treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and other comprehensive treatments are required to ensure the therapeutic effect of patients. Breast-conserving patients must undergo post-operative radiotherapy, which not only improves the local control rate of tumor, but also the long-term survival rate. Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy cannot replace post-operative radiotherapy. The main reasons for the “one-size-fits-all” treatment of breast cancer in China are: Firstly, the lack of awareness of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, and the low rate of early detection and early diagnosis. Secondly, some patients and their family members are afraid of the metastasis of cancer cells to the whole body and mistakenly believe that “one-size-fits-all” is the safest and most secure surgical method, and worry that breast-conserving surgery will delay the treatment. Thirdly, some doctors are conservative in their treatment concept, and they just “cut” the patient, which makes the patient lose the chance of breast conservation. The loss of breast caused by over-treatment of breast cancer not only brings physical trauma and loss of quality of life, but also brings a shadow that cannot be removed from the patient’s mind. Many patients suffer from low self-esteem and depression after mastectomy, and in severe cases, it affects their married life and social activities. Understanding the feasibility and reliability of breast-conserving surgery and making efforts to carry out breast-conserving surgery are necessary to improve the early diagnosis rate and raise the awareness of patients and doctors about its efficacy and quality of life. With the improvement of living standard and the advancement of comprehensive treatment technology, breast cancer patients’ desire to preserve their breasts is becoming stronger and stronger, and breast-conserving treatment will definitely become the trend of early breast cancer surgical treatment.