Esophageal cancer, i.e., esophageal cancer, is a malignant tumor that mainly originates from esophageal squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium. Among them, esophageal squamous carcinoma accounts for about 90% and esophageal adenocarcinoma accounts for about 10%. Immunotherapy has provided a new treatment idea for many malignant tumors, mainly including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines and relay cellular immunotherapy. 1. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: immune checkpoints have many inhibitory pathways connected with the immune system, these pathways are crucial for maintaining autoimmune tolerance and regulating the duration and amplitude of physiological immune responses in peripheral tissues. Under physiological conditions, co-stimulatory molecules are balanced with immune checkpoint molecules, thus minimizing the damage to the surrounding normal tissues. 2. Tumor vaccine therapy: Tumor vaccine can activate the patient’s own immune system, use tumor cells or tumor antigenic substances to induce specific cellular immune and humoral immune responses of the body, enhance the body’s anticancer ability, and prevent the growth, proliferation and recurrence of the tumor, in order to achieve the purpose of eliminating or controlling the tumor. 3. Relay immunotherapy: after extracting autologous or allogeneic immune cells, activate or genetically modify them in vitro to expand anti-tumor specific T-cells, and then inject them into patients with tumors to amplify the cellular immune function of the patient’s body, and then realize anti-tumor immune effect. 4. In the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma, immunotherapy can bring significant survival benefit and show good safety, significantly improve the quality of life of patients, immunotherapy has become a new choice for advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma; in the study of adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal conjunction immunotherapy has been pushed forward from the backline to the first line, and the way of using medication is also explored from single agent to the combination therapy. Immunotherapy has good safety and long duration of efficacy. With the deepening of basic and clinical research on immunotherapy, it is believed that this therapy will become a new treatment option for a wider group of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients.