In children, internal hemorrhoids are very rare, and external hemorrhoids occasionally occur in children, manifesting themselves as small nodules of skin covered with greenish-purple color on the edge of the anus, with painful sensations, and not bleeding unless they are broken by coarse, hard stools. The more common infantile anorectal diseases are as follows: 1, rectal polyps: the most common cause of pediatric blood in the stool is rectal polyps, it is also the most common disease in pediatric anorectal surgery, which can account for about 30%. The reasons for its formation may be related to genetic factors, inflammation (such as dysentery), mechanical chronic irritation (constipation, rough stool), viruses and so on. The polyp is usually shaped like a small grape with a tip, and its color ranges from light red, dark red to purple, and its surface can resemble the thorns of mulberry or prune, and its number can be single or multiple, and it can be near or far from the anal opening, and sometimes it can be brought out to the outside of the anus due to defecation. The blood in the stool caused by these polyps is usually bright red in color and adheres to the surface of the stool without mixing with each other, and it is rare to see a simple bloody stool without fecal matter. On closer inspection, groove-like indentation can be seen on the stool, which is caused by the passage of stool through the polyp. Children usually do not have abdominal pain, urgency, etc. Long-term small amount of bleeding can cause pediatric anemia, polyps may also cause intestinal peristaltic disorder induced intussusception. 2, anal fissure: mostly caused by dry stool, often occurring in the back of the anal canal right in the middle, with the hands slightly apart from the anus can be seen this fissure, anal fissure bleeding small amount, bright red, attached to the surface of the stool or visible on the hand paper; defecation severe pain, children cry, reluctant to defecate, and make the child stool more dry, so that the anal fissure does not heal for a long time. 3, perianal abscess: children, especially newborns, infants and young children with delicate skin, easily caused by urine and feces impregnation, friction of coarse and hard unclean diapers, damage to rough toilet paper, resulting in the invasion of purulent bacteria. The whole body may also be feverish, and the child may cry, refuse to eat, and vomit. If untreated, the pus can ulcerate and form an anal fistula. 4, anal itching: a common disease of itching in the anus of children is pinworm disease. Pinworms parasitize the intestinal tract, and female worms often crawl out of the anus at night to oviposit, and the eggs contaminate the fingers and clothing, and then enter the digestive tract directly or through the raised dust, and then develop into adult worms, so repeated infections of their own or infect others occur. Anal itching often occurs at night and affects sleep. Parents can check the skin folds around the anus 2-3 hours after the child falls asleep and can find white thread-like adult worms. 5, prolapse: infants and young children’s rectum and anal canal up and down in a straight line, and the surrounding tissue is relatively loose, the muscle is weak (especially malnutrition or digestive disease children), around the age of 2 years old began to sit on the potty defecation, at this time the bottom of the perineum by the abdominal pressure to be large, such as constipation need to exclude gas, prolong the potty sitting time, or frequent diarrhea, or cough, encopresis, urinary bladder stones and other increased abdominal pressure The prolapse can be easily caused by constipation, prolonged sitting in the basin, or frequent diarrhea, or increased abdominal pressure such as coughing, cystocele or urinary bladder stone. Initially, prolapse only occurs when using force to defecate, and it can be retracted automatically after defecation, but later it may be sent back with the help of hands, and it can also occur when not defecating (such as crying). If it is not sent back for a long time, edema, oozing, ulceration and swelling, pain, urgency, and pus and mucus may occur. The vast majority of children with prolapse can heal themselves by age 5.