How can I prevent knee osteoarthritis? How to treat knee osteoarthritis? Knee osteoarthritis is a disease based on degenerative pathological changes. It affects middle-aged and elderly people, and its symptoms include redness and swelling of the knee, pain when walking up and down stairs, and pain and discomfort in the knee when sitting up and walking down. There are also patients who show swelling, popping and fluid accumulation, which can cause joint deformity and disability if left untreated. Prevention of knee arthritis: 1. Maintain optimism The prognosis for the vast majority of patients is good. Those with osteophytes on X-ray alone do not necessarily show symptoms, and less than 1% of those with bone spurs of the hip or knee have joint space narrowing after 10 years. 2.Rational lifestyle Drink milk several times in small amounts, get more sunshine, take calcium supplements if necessary, middle-aged and elderly people often take calcium supplements alone with poor absorption, and can take active vitamin D at the same time. should adjust the intensity of labor or change the type of work that causes the aggravation of symptoms, eliminate or avoid unfavorable factors, such as strenuous exercise. 3. Avoid mechanical injury Avoid excessive load on the affected joints, and obese people should reduce their weight. Those with knee and hip joint involvement should avoid long standing, kneeling and squatting. 4.Choose appropriate shoes It is best for the elderly to wear shoes with a loose heel, the height of the heel of the shoe should be about 50px above the forefoot of the sole, and the sole of the shoes for the elderly should be slightly larger, and must have non-slip ripples to avoid falls. 5.Use of auxiliary facilities Handles, canes, knee pads (for patellofemoral joint involvement), walkers, wedge-shaped insoles (for those with inversion or valgus knees) or other auxiliary devices can be used to reduce the load on the involved joints. 6. Adjuvant physical therapy The acute phase is to relieve pain, reduce swelling and improve function; the chronic phase is to enhance local blood circulation and improve joint function. Note: Arthroplasty and joints containing metal components are not allowed to be treated with heat transmission or ultrasound to avoid deep burning injuries. 7, perform gentle aerobic exercise Need to start with a small amount of exercise, gradually, such as exercise after the joint pain persists, should reduce the intensity and duration of exercise. Aerobic exercise includes joint exercise and muscle exercise, taking the knee joint as an example: joint exercise can be done in sitting or lying position, knee flexion and extension and rotation exercise, about 3 times a day. There are two methods of muscle exercise: ① take the prone position, lift the leg straight up to about 35°, maintain for 5 seconds, repeat 20-30 times, 2-4 times a day. (ii) in the upright position, extend the lower limb backward up to 45°, maintain for 5 seconds, repeat 20-30 times, and perform 2-4 times a day. Different patients should focus on different exercises: swimming or walking can be performed for knee involvement, but cervical osteoarthritis is not suitable for swimming; gentle neck and lumbar activities are feasible for cervical and lumbar involvement, and grasping and grip exercises can be done for hand involvement. 8. Proper use of analgesics Analgesics should not be abused to prevent adverse reactions, especially for patients with hypertension, impaired liver or kidney function should be used with caution, the dosage should be small, use maintenance amount as early as possible, avoid 2 or more kinds of analgesics taken at the same time, because the efficacy does not superimpose, and the adverse reactions increase. Elderly people should choose drugs with short half-life, enteric tablets are generally taken within half an hour before meals, and other preparations are generally taken during or after meals. Some friends already have knee osteoarthritis and have been suffering from this inflammation, but they do not know how to deal with and treat it. How to treat knee osteoarthritis? Physical therapy Physical therapy mainly includes the following: direct current therapy and drug ion introduction, low frequency pulse electrotherapy, medium frequency current therapy, high frequency electrotherapy, magnetic field therapy, ultrasound therapy, acupuncture, light therapy that is infrared, ultraviolet light, cold therapy. On the basis of drug therapy, according to the site and nature of joint involvement, the appropriate physical therapy can better relieve joint symptoms and promote functional recovery. 2. Drug therapy When choosing a drug for treatment, the following points should be noted: 1) the type of arthritis, the characteristics of the symptoms; 2) the patient’s age, whether it is accompanied by other diseases, whether other drugs are used, whether pregnancy; 3) the efficacy, tolerance, safety, dosage, compliance; 4) the price of the drug and the patient’s ability to afford it. Of course, these are not entirely understandable to sick friends, which need to go to the regular hospital to find a professional doctor to diagnose you, and then prescribed to take drugs, do not determine their own reckless medication, or use some unreliable prescriptions. This kind of treatment is aimed at the development of arthritis and the main links leading to the progression of the disease, such as target molecular therapy for cytokines, plasma replacement, immune purification, immune reconstruction, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, etc. It is mainly applied to patients with other treatments that are ineffective, rapidly progressing and refractory to severe arthritis, mainly rheumatoid arthritis. 4.Surgical treatment Surgical treatment mainly includes joint cavity puncture, synovectomy, joint replacement, joint orthopedics, joint fusion.