Osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic osteoarthritic disorder caused by degeneration of the knee cartilage, mainly manifesting as knee pain and movement disorders. Osteoarthritis of the knee can be broadly divided into three stages: early, middle and late stages, and the treatment follows the principle of ladder therapy, i.e., depending on the severity of the disease and the duration of onset, the appropriate conservative or surgical treatment is chosen. The goal is to reduce knee pain, improve knee function and improve the quality of life of patients. 1. Conservative treatment Conservative treatment is suitable when symptoms are just present, intermittent and mild. For example, adjust your lifestyle and exercise patterns to avoid movements or sports that increase the weight on the knee joint, such as climbing stairs and squatting. At the same time, strengthen the thigh muscles, such as static squatting exercises. Physical therapy, such as magnetic therapy and Chinese herbal medicine, can also be used. For patients whose pain symptoms are not satisfactorily relieved by the above treatments, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can be added intermittently, supplemented by crutches to reduce the weight of the joint. 2.Surgical treatment If the pain is still unsatisfactory after taking anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, or if the drugs are effective, but the pain is obvious once the drugs are stopped, which seriously affects the quality of life, it is necessary to consider surgical treatment. There are many surgical procedures, including minimally invasive arthroscopic debridement, osteotomy, unicondylar replacement and total knee replacement, each of which has its own indications, mainly based on the severity of the osteoarthritis. (1) Minimally invasive arthroscopic debridement is mainly suitable for patients with free body interlocking or meniscal damage, but the degree of joint wear is not serious, and has the advantages of minimal surgical trauma and quick recovery. (2) Osteotomy deformity correction is mainly applied to patients with mild to moderate knee degeneration, especially those with significant external inversion or valgus deformity. The purpose of knee preservation is to correct the deformity through osteotomy, correct the force line of the lower limb, slow down the degeneration rate of the diseased inter-compartmental cartilage, and preserve good motor function, and most of the patients may not need artificial knee replacement, which is of far-reaching clinical treatment. (3) Unicondylar replacement is mainly suitable for patients with moderate to severe joint wear, but the wear is still limited to a single compartment of the tibiofemoral joint and the knee ligament function is intact, unicondylar replacement surgery is relatively less traumatic, faster recovery, and better motor function. (4) Total knee replacement is suitable for patients with extensive and severe wear of the knee joint and severe deformity. By removing the cartilage of the knee joint and replacing it with an artificial joint, the purpose of radical treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint is achieved.