Early treatment is conservative and supplemented with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics to reduce symptoms. In the chronic stage, patients should actively exercise the muscles around the knee to enhance knee stability. In severe pain and when conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment such as arthroscopic debridement, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, high tibial osteotomy and unicondylar knee replacement may be considered; in cases of simple patellofemoral arthritis, patellofemoral arthroplasty is possible; in severe cases, total knee replacement may be considered.