After all the hard work of preparing for pregnancy, I’ve finally been promoted to squadron leader! I’m so happy and excited! However, I’ve noticed that I’ve been having a lot of vaginal bleeding lately, what’s the reason for this? Is it a miscarriage? Is it necessary for me to keep the baby? Or should I give up? …… Don’t be anxious, first let the doctor explain the vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, after you understand the basic knowledge, and then make a preliminary judgment after taking into account your own situation! 1.First of all, what is the basic concept of vaginal bleeding? Under normal circumstances, after pregnancy, the uterine cavity admits the embryo, the endometrium changes accordingly, and menstruation stops, thus there is no menstruation and no vaginal bleeding. Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy must be examined under the guidance of a doctor to exclude abnormal pregnancy diseases such as ectopic pregnancy. 2. Delve into vaginal bleeding after the possibility of ectopic pregnancy has been ruled out! If a small amount of vaginal bleeding occurs in the days after menopause when menstruation is due (known as embryonic implantation bleeding), mothers-to-be should not worry too much because the endometrium will be ruptured at the embryo invasion site and a small amount of bleeding is normal, and the rupture will be repaired quickly without special treatment. Most of them are related to miscarriage and a few are related to cervical factors (such as cervical polyps or cervical cancer). If cervical polyps are found, they will be treated as pre-miscarriage and surgery will be performed after 3 months of pregnancy. If the blood is coffee-colored, the mother should not worry too much. Coffee-colored blood means the bleeding has stopped and oxidized to coffee-colored or brown in the vagina. A small amount of vaginal bleeding (less than menstruation) that lasts less than 7 days is usually a preterm miscarriage; if it exceeds the amount of menstruation and is accompanied by significant abdominal pain, it is considered an inevitable or incomplete miscarriage and needs to be treated urgently at the hospital. If the vaginal bleeding is small and lasts for more than 7 days, it is necessary to be alert to whether the embryo has stopped developing, there is fetal abortion or indolent miscarriage, and ultrasound examination can confirm the diagnosis. 3. Causes of preterm miscarriage: 1) embryonic causes: chromosomal abnormalities of embryo; 2) uterine causes: uterine fibroids; uterine adhesions; cervical injury; cervical insufficiency; uterine developmental abnormalities; 3) endocrine causes: luteal insufficiency; other endocrine diseases such as hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus and poor blood sugar control; 4) other or external factors: excessive sexual life and excessive tension, anxiety, fear , sadness, etc. Bad habits such as smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, etc.; some physical factors in the environment such as various kinds of radiation or various chemical factors such as heavy metals and toxic substances such as volatile organic compounds may lead to miscarriage. 4, the treatment of miscarriage Pre-eclampsia miscarriage for different causes to take the appropriate treatment: bed, oral vitamin E, supplementation of folic acid, progesterone, if necessary, supplementation of thyroid hormone are possible treatment drugs. If the embryo stops growing or if miscarriage is unavoidable or even incomplete during the process of fetal preservation, scraping should be decisively abandoned. Lastly, I would like to attach a whisper from the doctor to the parents-to-be: During the first trimester, especially within 8 weeks, the placenta is not yet firmly formed and the embryo is relatively fragile and sensitive to various external factors, so it is easy to miscarry, therefore, avoid heavy physical work and forbid sex during this period. At the same time, the father-to-be needs to comfort and encourage the mother-to-be with signs of miscarriage psychologically, listen to light music and read books with her, make her emotionally stable, ensure sufficient sleep and adequate nutrition, cooperate with the doctor’s treatment, and enhance her confidence in passing the miscarriage period. Finally, I wish the mother-to-be a smooth ten months of pregnancy! Looking forward to the moment of meeting your little one.