Proteinuria is an important clue to detect and diagnose kidney disease. The causes of proteinuria are very complex, and common kidney diseases include IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, microscopic lesion nephropathy, purpura nephritis, lupus nephritis, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, and so on. Both patients and doctors are concerned about and attach great importance to the amount of proteinuria. Experts generally believe that proteinuria is a risk factor affecting the progression of kidney disease, and patients with more urine protein have a relatively poor prognosis, but this is not absolute. The most critical factors affecting the prognosis of kidney disease are the pathological changes of the kidney and the primary disease. Minimal lesion nephropathy and mild tegumentary hyperplastic nephritis have a good outcome and prognosis even though they have a lot of proteinuria. In contrast, sclerosing glomerulonephritis and crescentic nephritis have a poor prognosis even if there is not much proteinuria. The prognosis of diabetic nephropathy is also poorer. For the treatment of proteinuria, the main treatment at present is etiology and symptomatic treatment. Hormones and immunosuppressants are the main treatment for kidney disease at present, but the use of hormones and immunosuppressants is somewhat limited due to their more toxic side effects. Chinese medicine plays an important role in the treatment of proteinuria in nephropathy, with better efficacy and without the toxic side effects of hormones and immunosuppressants. At the same time, for patients with kidney disease who need to use hormone therapy, Chinese medicine with hormone the advantages of combined Chinese and Western medicine program to reduce toxicity and increase effectiveness. The treatment and recovery of kidney disease takes a long time and requires patience. Patient self-management is the key factor for successful recovery from kidney disease. Therefore, we have been advocating the concept of “chronic kidney disease should be treated in three parts and maintained in seven parts”.