First, it is recommended to do additional marriage examination: According to the new “marriage registration regulations”, “premarital medical examination” (referred to as “marriage examination”) from mandatory to voluntary, many people are inclined to choose not to do “marriage examination Many people tend to choose not to do “marriage examination”. However, from a eugenics perspective, this is detrimental. Many of the items in the marriage test can be seen as the first safeguard for eugenics, and it is best to make up for it before you get pregnant, which is necessary to help you conceive a healthy baby. Recommended mandatory checkups: Blood routine, blood type: early detection of anemia and other blood body system diseases, because if the mother is anemic, it will make the mother’s resistance low, poor tolerance to surgery and anesthesia, prone to postpartum bleeding, puerperal infection and other complications, and also affect the baby’s development, leading to the occurrence of premature birth, fetal dysplasia and stillbirth. Timely detection of some blood diseases that are not suitable for pregnancy, such as aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura and leukemia. In addition, early prevention of maternal and child blood group incompatibility according to the blood group of both spouses. Urine routine: It helps in the early detection and diagnosis of kidney diseases. The author has seen such patients, generally in good condition, but just a little anemia, has been treated as anemia, and then accidentally check the urine routine and kidney function, found that the kidney failure, double kidney atrophy, must be dialysis or kidney replacement; other patients, from the outside of the body looks normal, just occasionally have urinary tract infection symptoms, never systemic examination, to late pregnancy kidney failure. The increase in metabolism of the body, coupled with the need to excrete the metabolites of the fetus through the mother, will increase the burden on the kidneys. If there are kidney problems, the consequences can be very serious. Stool routine: It helps to diagnose digestive system diseases and parasitic infections, especially for those women who like to contact with small animals is very necessary, because they are likely to have parasitic infections, if not detected early, it will cause serious consequences such as miscarriage and fetal malformation. Hepatitis B five tests: China has become a high prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus carriers (HBSAgv+) accounted for 1/3 of the world. human infection with hepatitis B virus, the liver and other organ lesions caused by the virus itself, but with the body’s immune status has a certain relationship, the immune response of patients may occur in acute heavy hepatitis, cellular immune function is low, the infection is easy to In patients with strong immune response, acute severe hepatitis may occur. Therefore, the elimination and control of hepatitis B virus infection is of great importance in China. The main transmission routes of hepatitis B include blood transmission, close living contact transmission and mother-to-child transmission. About 1/3 of HBSAg positive carriers in China are from mother-to-child transmission and 2/3 from horizontal transmission in early childhood. If the mother is in active viral hepatitis and not detected in time, pregnancy can have very serious consequences, not only may the mother’s life be endangered, but the fetus may be premature and even neonatal death may occur. Moreover, without necessary treatment, the hepatitis virus can be transmitted vertically to the child. HIV-antibody test: Since 1981, when AIDS was first reported in homosexual men in the United States, the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has increased rapidly worldwide. China has reported 11,170 HIV infections, including 338 cases of AIDS, but it has also been reported that there are actually more than 300,000 HIV infections in the country. Previously, HIV infection in China was limited to blood and sexual transmission, but now mother-to-child transmission cases have been found, and there are many of them, which should be taken seriously. Syphilis: In recent years, the number of STDs in the wedding population is increasing, the vast majority of which are syphilis, while 85% of patients are completely unknown to them, for hidden syphilis. The danger of syphilis to pregnancy and fetal infants is serious, syphilis spirochetes can spread to all organs of the fetus, causing lung, liver, spleen, pancreas and bone lesions, syphilis in all stages of pregnancy can be transmitted to the fetus, causing miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, neonatal congenital syphilis, etc.. However, this disease is completely curable with early detection and early treatment. Chromosome testing: Early detection of various genetic diseases that are not suitable for pregnancy. Chest fluoroscopy/photography: It helps in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other lung diseases. It is now found that there is a rising trend of tuberculosis worldwide. Pregnancy in women with tuberculosis can limit the medication used for treatment, making treatment compromised, and the disease may be aggravated by pregnancy with the risk of transmission to the child. Second, a reasonable plan for immunization Everyone who is preparing to be a mother wants to be safe and sound during the ten months of pregnancy and raising a baby without being disturbed by diseases. Strengthening exercise and organism resistance is the fundamental solution. However, the most direct and effective solution to certain infectious diseases is vaccination. Currently, there is no immunization program designed specifically for women who are preparing for pregnancy. However, experts recommend that two vaccines are best: one is the rubella vaccine; the other is the hepatitis B vaccine. Because once the mother-to-be is infected with these two diseases, the virus will be vertically transmitted to the fetus, resulting in serious consequences 1, a year in advance of the hepatitis B vaccination Hepatitis B vaccine is injected in accordance with the 0, 1, 6 program. That is, from the first injection, the second injection is given at 1 month thereafter, and the third injection is given at 6 months. Usually, 3-4 months after the third injection, the hepatitis B vaccine virus is completely gone from the body and antibodies are produced. Some people may not produce antibodies after the 3 injections, or the number of antibodies may be very small, and they may need a booster shot. Therefore, it is better to advance the time of hepatitis B vaccination by 1 year. 2. 6-8 months in advance Rubella vaccination Rubella vaccination should be given at least 3 months before pregnancy to ensure that the rubella vaccine virus is completely gone from your body when you get pregnant and will not affect your fetus. To ensure that you can allow sufficient time, get your rubella vaccination 6-8 months in advance. And confirm that there are antibodies produced in your body 2 months after the injection. 3. Avoid unnecessary vaccinations Generally speaking, vaccinations such as vaccines should be avoided if they are not mandatory from the first 3 months of pregnancy to the whole pregnancy period. If it is a live virus vaccine, such as rubella, measles, etc., it should be absolutely avoided to avoid causing infection to the fetus. Even in the case of dead vaccines such as cholera, although the embryo is not infected, an immune reaction such as high fever can cause miscarriage. Hepatitis vaccine is a genetically synthesized vaccine and is mostly harmless to the fetus, but it should be avoided during pregnancy. Of course, in case of life-threatening diseases such as diphtheria, typhoid or plague epidemics, close contact with a sick person, or the risk of rabies if bitten by a rabid dog, or the possibility of tetanus, the vaccine must be administered for the sake of life. Third, to develop good habits 1, abandon bad habits Quit smoking: smoking is harmful to health, according to statistics, 20-30 cigarettes a day, sperm deformities significantly higher, more than 30, more deformed sperm, and smoking will reduce the production of sperm, reduce the vitality; tobacco in the harmful ingredients will lead to ovarian decline and infertility; smoking will also affect the development of fertilized eggs and increase the chances of miscarriage or Smoking can also affect the development of fertilized eggs and increase the chance of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy; moreover, long-term smoking may also cause fetal malformations. Therefore, for the sake of your baby’s health, lose the bad habit of smoking. Don’t drink alcohol: Long-term heavy drinking can seriously affect the fertility of both spouses. Alcohol can induce prostatitis and accelerate the metabolism of testosterone, causing testicular atrophy and impotence in serious cases. Alcohol can also reduce the vitality of sperm, which can lead to sperm malformation in serious cases; a large amount of alcohol can inhibit the growth of right eggs, leading to a decrease in egg quality, and alcohol can also enter the fetal blood circulation through the placenta, causing fetal growth retardation and fetal malformation. It takes about 2 months to produce sperm and half a month to produce eggs. Drinking a lot of alcohol during the production of sperm and eggs may cause damage to the sperm or eggs, and the damage to the reproductive cells will not disappear when the alcohol is excreted from the body, so it is best for both spouses to stop drinking before conception, and it is appropriate to drink a lot of alcohol for at least 2 months before conception. Avoid staying up late, dieting and other bad habits: irregular life will affect the health of people, resulting in a decline in physical fitness, imbalance and even endocrine disorders, which will reduce the number and vitality of sperm for men and lead to menstrual disorders and ovulation disorders for women, which are not conducive to conception. Reduce artificial sweet condiments, pay attention to dietary hygiene, and pay attention not to consume excessive seafood: some vegetables contain substances harmful to human body, such as bean curd and fresh cauliflower, which can cause food poisoning and affect health; some uncooked meat food may have parasites, which can damage human health and can directly or indirectly affect the growth and development of the fetus, leading to miscarriage or fetal malformation These parasites can damage human health and can directly or indirectly affect fetal growth and development, leading to miscarriage or fetal malformation. Therefore, it is important to eat clean and well-done food, and to divide raw and cooked food into cases and knives when cooking to avoid diseases from the mouth. In addition, appropriate seafood is beneficial to human health, but consuming too much seafood may lead to an increase in blood mercury concentration in the human body, which may affect reproductive function, so it is important to consume seafood in moderation. Stay away from caffeine, soft drinks and stop taking various stimulants: carbonated beverages can cause calcium loss in the human body, leading to calcium deficiency in the mother, and caffeine and various stimulants can lead to reduced fertility, so stay away from caffeine and various soft drinks. Stay away from pets: Many human diseases are acquired through contact with animals, and these diseases not only affect the mother, but also affect the growth and development of the fetus through the placenta. For example, close contact with cats may be infected with toxoplasmosis, rabies and cryptosporidiosis; close contact with dogs may be infected with rabies, cryptosporidiosis, coccidiosis and leptospirosis; close contact with birds may be infected with avian flu, toxoplasmosis and parrot fever; close contact with rats such as golden bears and caucasian rats may be infected with hemorrhagic fever. Therefore, women who intend to get pregnant or already pregnant, try not to keep pets or close contact with small animals. 2, to develop a regular lifestyle habits on the one hand, work and rest time should be regular. Irregular life will break the biological clock, resulting in a decline in physical fitness, physical imbalance, and even endocrine disorders, for men will reduce the number of sperm, decreased vitality, for women will lead to menstrual disorders, ovulation disorders, are not conducive to conception. On the other hand, the diet should be regular and moderate. If the mother has special preferences in her eating habits, she must make adjustments. She should include cereals, vegetables, fruits, fats and animal foods in her daily diet, pay attention to the combination of coarse and fine, meat and vegetables, and ensure a balanced and adequate daily intake of nutrition, which is not only for the future fetus, but also enables the woman to cope more easily with the various changes that occur after pregnancy and after delivery. From the perspective of eugenics, an imbalance in the nutrition of a woman’s body can bring about a shortage or excess of certain nutrients needed for the development of the fetus, which is detrimental to eugenics. Therefore, women should have a comprehensive understanding of their nutritional status before pregnancy, and if necessary, they can also ask their doctors to help them diagnose, so that they can adjust their diets purposefully and actively store nutrients that are usually low in their bodies. For example, for iron deficiency, you can eat beef, animal liver, green vegetables, raisins, etc.; for calcium deficiency, you can eat shrimp, dairy products and soy products, etc. Folic acid is a B vitamin with anti-anemia properties. Folic acid can effectively reduce the chance of fetal neural tube malformation, and is also good for improving fetal intelligence, making newborns healthier and smarter; folic acid deficiency is one of the important causes of abnormal fetal development and premature birth. Just as fertilizers are applied before sowing seedlings to produce healthy seedlings, women who want to get pregnant should eat more folic acid-rich foods such as dark green leafy vegetables (e.g. spinach and kale), citrus, nuts, legumes, fortified breads, and cereals. Folic acid supplementation can be started 3 months before pregnancy if necessary. Supplementation with multivitamins containing folic acid for pregnant women before preparing for pregnancy can make the mother’s body have sufficient reserves of various vitamins, trace elements and minerals to avoid and prevent fetal development defects and congenital malformations caused by the lack of certain vitamins in early pregnancy, and multivitamin supplementation in advance can also greatly reduce nausea, vomiting and dizziness in early pregnancy. The first thing you need to do is to take a few minutes to get some help. 3, moderate exercise to be a healthy mother-to-be Jogging, swimming, tai chi, aerobic gymnastics and other sports: exercise to have a healthy body is conducive to reducing the rate of illness during pregnancy and help the recovery after delivery and childbirth, in addition, appropriate physical exercise can also help the husband to improve physical fitness and ensure the quality of sperm. Therefore, for any couple planning to get pregnant, a certain period of regular exercise should be performed before getting pregnant. The best time to exercise every day is from 10am to 12pm and from 4pm to 8pm, when human muscle resistance is low and not easily fatigued and strained, and the oxygen content in the air is high, which is a good time to do whole body exercises such as jogging and aerobic gymnastics. Pelvic floor muscle exercise: women’s pelvic floor is easily damaged by over-expansion and compression, 30% of women in their 30s have varying degrees of dribbling urine when carrying heavy objects, laughing, jumping and other strenuous activities, and the main reason for this is the functional decline caused by damage to the anal raphe muscles caused by childbirth. Therefore, pelvic floor muscle exercise exercises before delivery can speed up the delivery process and help restore muscle function after delivery. You can do this exercise: inhalation – waist, abdomen, buttocks at the same time force contraction muscle to do anal lifting, closed urine action – continuous – relax, each exercise 10 minutes, 2 times a day, so adhere to 4 – 6 weeks, you can let the muscles get exercise, conducive to the progress of labor and postpartum recovery. Abdominal muscle exercise: abdominal muscle is an important auxiliary muscle for childbirth, sit-ups can strengthen the contraction force of the abdominal muscle, which helps childbirth. You can use the time before bed to exercise, according to the strength, do not be too strenuous, so as not to affect sleep. Sunbathing: When exposed to sunlight, it promotes the conversion of cholesterol in the body into vitamin D, which not only promotes the absorption of calcium, but may also inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Adequate sunbathing can improve a woman’s fertility and increase the chances of pregnancy. Some studies have shown that women are significantly more likely to conceive during seasons with ample sunlight than during other seasons. Also, getting some more sunlight can reduce the chances of breast cancer. In spring and summer, 15 minutes of sunbathing every day can produce enough vitamin D in your body, while in autumn and winter when sunshine is shorter, you can take vitamin D directly, which has the same effect as sunbathing. 4, do not randomly take drugs drugs for the human body is a double-edged sword, there is a cure side, but also “cause disease” on the other side, no contraceptive measures for married women should pay particular attention to their own body changes. Once you know you are pregnant, take the medication under the guidance of your obstetrician and never just take any medication that is readily available around you, even if it is “natural”. If a woman needs to take medication for a medical condition, she should tell her doctor before pregnancy that you are currently expecting and ask him if the medication you are taking will affect your ability to conceive, affect the development of the fetus, cause a miscarriage, etc. In general, if possible, do not take medication if it does not affect the treatment of certain diseases, and try not to take over-the-counter medications, as many of them contain harmful substances such as caffeine and alcohol. If you must take medication, do so under the guidance of a doctor and use medication that is safe for the embryo if possible. Women who take birth control pills before pregnancy should conceive after 3 months to 6 months after stopping the pills because the hormones in the pills can also affect the early development of the embryo. The couple should avoid using morphine, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole and other drugs within six months before pregnancy to avoid affecting the quality of sperm and eggs and the ability to conceive. 5, change the contraceptive measures Generally speaking, male condoms, female contraceptive ring, cervical cap, vaginal diaphragm and other barrier isolation contraceptive method on fetal growth and development, but oral contraceptives and intrauterine device on pregnancy may have adverse effects, so if the couple is trying to get pregnant is using oral contraceptives or intrauterine device, it is recommended to stop taking oral contraceptives 3-6 months before preparing for pregnancy The IUD should be removed 3-6 months before the planned pregnancy, so that pregnancy can be avoided after the endometrium has been repaired and miscarriage and abnormalities of the placenta can be avoided. The arrival of the baby will give parents a new meaning of life, but the joy of the new life will also bring a heavy sense of responsibility; parents will be faced with the pressure of “having an old man and a young woman”. There will be more and more money to spend, and without a certain amount of financial preparation is not possible. Many of the expenses spent on the mother-to-be before the birth of the child are one-time, while the expenses related to the birth of the child, including living expenses, medical expenses, education expenses, etc., have become relatively fixed recurring expenses. Therefore, the expenses of this period should not be based on the previous savings, but should be reasonably planned according to the current income. Money management has become more important from now on. Based on the principle of prudent investment and early preparation, we should set aside a fixed percentage of our income as a childcare fund from the moment we decide to have a child. It is important to know that in middle-class families in big cities in China, the investment for children accounts for more than 50% of the family income. The following is a brief overview of the possible costs of raising a child. 1, the various costs of pregnancy To be pregnant, the future mother-to-be needs to establish a maternal and child health care booklet and the necessary related medical examinations, which will cost at least about 1,000 yuan, not including the cost of treatment required to detect certain diseases; the mother-to-be needs to make regular prenatal checkups, generally at least 9-10 times, plus the prenatal screening tests, the cost is generally about 1,500-2,000 yuan; the mother-to-be’s nutritional needs, including the cost of the prenatal screening tests. The cost of nutrition and clothing for the mother-to-be is an unpredictable cost that varies greatly from family to family, but it is the main focus of each family; the cost of hospitalization and delivery, which is also quite scalable and varies from region to region and from birth to birth, fluctuating between 1000-15000 RMB. 2, postpartum family-related expenses For mothers, the necessary postpartum expenses are mainly focused on two aspects: nutrition and exercise. Whether the mother is breastfeeding or not, the nutritional supplementation during the postpartum recovery period focuses on protein, vitamins and calcium, while the need for nutrients is even higher for breastfeeding mothers. The corresponding cost expenditure is about$250-600 per month. For the postpartum recovery of mothers-to-be, a reasonable arrangement of exercise is very important. Exercise in the first month after delivery should be gentle and slow, with the aim of functional recovery and reaching a positive and happy mood of the mother; at this time, do not diet or aim to slim down, otherwise it will be counterproductive and slow down the speed of body recovery. After the end of the puerperium, with the recovery of maternal strength, you can gradually increase the frequency of exercise under the condition of controlling the intensity, and participate in some club activities organized specifically for maternity, in order to help the maternal adjustment to restore a positive mentality. Learning yoga is a good choice. Another important expense for families with small children is the expense of hiring a nanny. With a little one, the household chores invariably increase several times and the mother alone cannot fully handle them. Moreover, due to the current stressful life, it is not enough for only the father to work to support the family, and mothers usually start working 6 months-1 year after giving birth, so hiring a nanny is another big expense for the family. Considering the cost of food and accommodation, it takes about 6,000-10,000 yuan per year to hire a satisfactory nanny in large and medium-sized cities. 3.Baby-related expenses Adding up the figures below, you can see that the baby spends about 10-20,000 yuan a year, but this does not include any medical checkups and possible medical expenses. A set of children’s clothing of common brand is usually sold at about 100 yuan. Another important item for a baby before the age of 1 is diapers. 6-8 diapers need to be consumed every day, and if a better quality brand is used, each piece costs 1.2-1.5 yuan, which is about 300 yuan a month, or 3,600 yuan a year. The preferred food for newborn babies is breast milk, which is not only high in nutritional value, health and safety, but also economical. However, if breastfeeding is not possible, the money spent on milk powder is about$500 per month (a bucket of better quality milk powder, such as Mead Johnson’s On Baby Baby, sells for about$150 and lasts for about 6-8 days). There are also supplementary foods, such as bottled purees, which cost anywhere from$100-300 per month. Therefore, the first year of non-breastfed baby will cost about 7200-9600 RMB. After the first year, the baby’s diet gradually transitions from formula to regular food, plus the cost of calcium and zinc supplementation, which still costs about 300-500 RMB per month. Living in a bassinet, crib, and bedding, about 1500-2000 yuan. The cost of a stroller, other travel tools (cab fare or car gas), and monthly park entrance fees is about 200-300 yuan, which costs about 2500-3600 yuan a year. Playing with baby’s various toys will cost at least$1000 per year. After 1 year of education, baby’s consumption of milk powder and diapers will gradually decrease, and the expenses spent on clothing, food, housing and transportation will gradually decrease, and parents will breathe a sigh of relief at this time because the pressure is reduced. However, as the child grows older, the need for education will gradually emerge. The cost of education for a baby from kindergarten to the completion of higher education can be considerable.