Survival time of esophageal cancer patients generally depends on the stage of the disease and the patient’s physical quality. Early stage esophageal cancer is not serious and has few clinical symptoms, so it is difficult to detect. Most of the patients are found out through gastroscopy, and once found out, most of them are in middle to late stage, the tumor is bigger and the treatment effect is poor. Often, patients with mid to late stage esophageal cancer have remote metastasis of some cancer cells. Only 15~30% of patients can be treated with surgery. The rest of patients can undergo chemotherapy, radiotherapy, Chinese herbal medicine, gene therapy, and targeted therapy. After receiving surgery, if they fail to take good care of themselves, it may cause esophageal obstruction and difficulty in feeding and water intake, resulting in malnutrition and wasting, further aggravating the disease, and more than half of them will not live more than one year due to malnutrition. In conclusion, the treatment effect of patients with middle and late stage esophageal cancer is worse than that of patients with early stage esophageal cancer, and the survival time is shorter than that of patients with early stage esophageal cancer, although the treatment can relieve the patients’ difficulty in eating, it is difficult to cure them.