A positive hepatitis B surface antigen only indicates the presence of hepatitis B infection in the body, it is a state that reflects the carriage of the virus. Hepatitis, on the other hand, indicates inflammatory activity in the liver, which is determined through liver function blood tests that reveal elevated transaminases. Therefore, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity and hepatitis are two different concepts, the former reflecting viral carriage and the latter reflecting liver inflammation. When the hepatitis B surface antigen is positive and combined with abnormal liver function, only then can it be called chronic hepatitis B. When the liver function index is normal and all other tests are normal, it can only be called a healthy carrier of hepatitis B. However, the two can be transformed into each other. When a healthy hepatitis B carrier is tired, stays up late or drinks alcohol, it may be transformed into hepatitis, while hepatitis B can be transformed into a healthy hepatitis B carrier again after active treatment.