Bone grafting is a surgical technique to treat bone defects. It can be categorized into bone grafting for small amount of bone defects and bone grafting for large bone defects. A small amount of bone loss is common in bone loss caused by open fracture bone loss or cancellous bone compression. Autogenous bone, such as autogenous iliac bone or allograft bone, can be used for bone grafting. Bone fragments are chewed into small pieces and filled into the bone defect site, which can play the role of osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and promote the generation of new bone. The implanted bone block does not have a supporting role. Large bone defects can be implanted with autologous fibula, such as autologous free fibula with blood vessels. After hemodynamic reconstruction, it is biologically active and can provide support and maintain limb function as much as possible. The bone grafting process should be strictly aseptic to avoid surgical failure due to infection.