At present, the diabetic population in China has exceeded 90 million, and according to the scientific survey of relevant departments, there are more than 200,000 diabetic patients in Longyan. How to correctly understand and treat diabetes has become one of the main factors concerning the well-being of each of our families now. Diabetes, as a lifestyle disease, is a disease that can be prevented and controlled, but not yet completely cured, just like hypertension, osteoporosis and other chronic non-communicable diseases. How can we achieve prevention and treatment of diabetes without spending money or with less money? This article offers some proven methods for this purpose.
First, we have to recognize how to recognize diabetes. According to its diagnostic criteria, regular physical examination and blood glucose measurement is the best way to detect diabetes at an early stage. When there are so-called “three more and one less”, i.e., more urine, dry mouth, more drinking, more eating and weight loss, it often means that the blood sugar level is already relatively high, such as fasting blood sugar level is already greater than 10 mmol/L. Therefore, for people who are fat or have been reminded by doctors that they are at high risk of diabetes, any time to go to the body to test blood sugar can not be said to be early. For people who are not too fat, annual blood glucose testing after the age of 45 is also a must. This will enable early detection of diabetes.
The second is to recognize the dangers of diabetes. Diabetes is not painful, not itchy, often ignored, but over time, the body’s blood sugar levels rise plus enough time, then the complications of diabetes will quietly visit, when you feel the complications, often already more serious, and it is difficult to reverse.
The danger of diabetes to the body is manifested in two ways. The acute danger is the acute complications of diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, hypoglycemic coma and lactic acidosis can occur if not treated properly during treatment. Acute complications can take away a person’s life at any time. Due to the development of society and the improvement of people’s culture, there are now relatively few acute complications, but chronic complications are gradually increasing, especially in patients who already have diabetes but have not been diagnosed and treated in time, and in patients who have been diagnosed and treated accordingly but whose treatment has not reached the target value. Chronic complications of diabetes are mainly due to prolonged elevation of blood glucose, which affects blood vessels throughout the body, including large arteries, small arteries and even capillaries. It is caused by blood vessels throughout the body, and when blood vessels are affected, the whole body is affected. Large vessel lesions can cause myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and pain in the lower limbs when walking; small vessel involvement can lead to blurred vision or even blindness in both eyes, reduced kidney function or even uremia, numbness in the limbs, local neuralgia, and in severe cases, diabetic foot, which must be amputated to preserve life.
The dangers of diabetes are numerous. Only when diabetes is detected in time and fully aware of the hazards of diabetes, will they be able to consciously and self-discipline to make the not very easy lifestyle change, and consistently discipline themselves with a scientific and reasonable lifestyle to keep themselves away from diabetes, and people who are already suffering from diabetes can better make their indicators reach their target values and reduce and delay the emergence of diabetes complications.
A scientific and rational lifestyle is one of the least expensive and most effective methods in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Numerous studies at home and abroad have amply demonstrated the indispensable role of a scientific diet plus appropriate exercise in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Living a diabetic lifestyle can effectively prevent diabetes in those who do not have diabetes, and living a diabetic lifestyle can treat diabetes in those who do have diabetes. For people who already have diabetes, some people can achieve good control of blood glucose simply by making lifestyle adjustments, but without good lifestyle adjustments, it is difficult for almost everyone to control their blood glucose well even if they take more medication.
A scientific and reasonable lifestyle has many contents, mainly including a reasonable diet and appropriate exercise. There is no good or bad food, but there is a scientific or unscientific diet. Since it is food can eat, can not eat can not be said to be food. How much you eat and how much you eat is a matter of dietary patterns.
Diabetic diet treatment is simply put, boiled down to eight words “total control, balanced diet.” The diabetic diet needs to be planned, and the plan is to control the total amount of food consumed in a day. The total amount of food needed depends on the individual’s target weight and the amount of exercise on that day. Generally speaking, weight does not change greatly within a short period of time, while the amount of exercise changes greatly, but general exercise is difficult to consume too much energy, so the total amount of intake for a day does not change much.
A person’s weight, whether obese or thin, are required to maintain a certain amount of intake, obese, its one-day intake is bound to be relatively more, thin people a day intake is relatively small. Some people often say that “drinking water can be fat” is obviously impossible, in fact, is usually the main food intake reduced and increased intake of snacks, and drinking water has nothing to do with the reason. The real drinking water will be fat is definitely swelling! Obese people need to consume enough calories to maintain their weight, as long as the moderate reduction in total calorie intake is possible weight loss, of course, also need the latter exercise support. Thus, to determine the specific intake needs to be clear whether they are obese, fat, normal weight, or lean. If you are thin, you need to increase your weight intake, and if you are fat or obese, you need to decrease your intake to reduce your weight. A proper diabetic diet is one that keeps the patient in good nutritional condition. Simply saying that diabetes requires dietary control may not be a problem for the obese, but for the lean, it often leads to malnutrition and subsequently aggravates the disease, which is obviously inappropriate.
Diabetes often indicates a lifestyle problem and an unreasonable diet structure. A balanced diet means a reasonable distribution of food, a reasonable mix of various foods, and divided meals, not simply a small number of meals. Because many meals tend to be out of control, small amounts often become empty talk. The effect of food on blood sugar includes the effect on fasting blood sugar, and the effect on mealtime blood sugar. The main influence on fasting blood sugar is the total amount of food, and the main influence on mealtime blood sugar is the structure of food, and food containing high carbohydrate and high glycemic index will raise blood sugar to a higher degree.
To achieve a reasonable food mix, we must first master the classification of food.
Food can be divided into five categories, the first category of cereals and potatoes, including rice, noodles, grains, potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, etc., mainly to provide sugar, protein, dietary fiber and B vitamins; the second category of animal food, including meat, poultry, fish, milk, eggs, etc., the group to provide protein, fat, minerals, vitamin A, B vitamins and vitamin D; the third category of legumes and nuts, including soybeans, other dried legumes and peanuts, walnuts, etc. other dried legumes and peanuts, walnuts, almonds, etc., the group should provide protein, fat, dietary fiber, minerals, B vitamins and vitamin E; the fourth group is vegetables, fruits and algae, the group should provide dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin C, carotene, vitamin K and healthful phytochemicals; the fifth group is pure energy foods, including animal and vegetable oils, starch, edible sugar and alcohol, the group should provide energy. Plant and animal oils also provide vitamin E and essential fatty acids.
By understanding the above food categories, you can make a good choice of foods and match them in a certain ratio. There is no good or bad food per se, only unreasonable diets, the key is balance. In general, the recommended energy supply of sugar accounts for 50-60% of the total amount of a day, protein accounts for 15-20%, while fat should account for less than 30% of the total energy. According to the corresponding proportion of reasonable combination of food, for diabetic patients there is no inedible food, but how to reasonably match. Because sugar and sweets are pure energy foods, eating too much of them will inevitably lead to an imbalance in the diet or too much total energy, so they should not be consumed in excess, but they are by no means inedible. For specific patients, suffering from diabetes already indicates that their own diet structure is unreasonable, according to their own preferences, according to the principle of balanced diet to adjust and organize food from scratch to build a balanced diet. This will not lead to further fattening of the body, nor to malnutrition, nor to low blood sugar, nor to high blood sugar due to unreasonable diet.
Diet structure adjustment alone does not completely solve the problem of blood glucose control in diabetes, but must be coupled with appropriate exercise. Exercise is important for every individual. Life is about exercise, and exercise brings many benefits to the body. For diabetic patients, appropriate exercise can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and play a good role in regulating blood sugar and body weight. In obese individuals with reduced intake, regular exercise can increase the body’s basal metabolic rate, so that the body adapts to a lower basal metabolic rate after reduced intake and returns to a new higher point, thus facilitating further weight loss.
Exercise, like diet therapy, should be planned, especially for patients on insulin therapy. Planned exercise, including planned sports and daily activity, is necessary. The amount of sports or daily activities has increased, have to reduce the corresponding hypoglycemic drugs in advance, especially the amount of insulin, and if insulin has been injected, bring some fruit snacks in order to prevent and control hypoglycemia in time. The choice of exercise time, intensity and duration of exercise are issues that must be paid attention to in order to achieve good therapeutic goals for diabetic patients. The general recommendation is to choose the time one hour after the meal, and this one hour includes the duration of the meal. If the meal takes half an hour, you can exercise after a half-hour break, if the morning or lunch exercise, exercise duration is generally about 30 minutes is appropriate, if the exercise after dinner, the duration can be longer, 60 to 120 minutes. The intensity of the exercise is moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Exercise mode de choice there is no good or bad, only their own like not to say, only their favorite sports to adhere to, the way can also be changed from time to time, unnecessary to have been a fixed mode of exercise. As long as you like, you can adhere to the long-term can be. Many experts recommend walking at a brisk pace of about 100 meters per minute is a relatively safe and effective way to exercise.
It should be noted that it is best not to exercise on an empty stomach, such as morning exercise, morning exercise often happens some accidents, hypoglycemia is the most common situation. For the exercise with higher intensity and longer duration, often due to the insulin sensitivity has been significantly improved, and this improvement can last for more than 24 hours, it is important to pay attention to the prevention of hypoglycemia at night. At this time, monitoring blood sugar before going to bed and adding meals in moderation are now important measures to prevent hypoglycemia at night after going to sleep. Generally speaking, a regular aerobic exercise, just like taking related drugs, can improve insulin resistance for 24 to 48 hours. When more than 48 hours have passed, the hypoglycemic effect brought by exercise will disappear, so to make exercise continue to play a hypoglycemic role, another exercise must be carried out. The frequency of exercise should be no less than every other day, preferably daily, or after every meal.
The details of exercise include, preparation before exercise, exercise process, post-exercise recovery and blood glucose monitoring.
Warm-up before exercise is necessary but often neglected. Adequate stretching of the joints can well protect yourself from injury during exercise. Post-exercise recovery is good for the body to return to a normal state, and blood glucose monitoring allows you to understand the extent of the impact of the exercise on your blood glucose, which can play a guiding role in how you arrange your exercise. During and after exercise, hydration is necessary and very important. In hot weather, you tend to sweat a lot and hydration should be increased. How can you tell if you are adequately hydrated? One effective way is to observe your own urination, that is, to see if your urine volume has decreased significantly and if the color of your urine is too dark. The decrease in urine volume and the dark color of urine indicate that you are not drinking enough water, so you should drink more water. Generally speaking, plain water is the most suitable, and whether or not to use sugary soft drinks depends on the monitoring of blood sugar, and should not be used blindly.
A reasonable diet and exercise are the basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. As long as the diet and exercise are well arranged, the blood sugar can be better controlled and the cost of diabetes treatment can be saved. The treatment can only be good to treat diabetes.
A leading expert on diabetes says that diabetes would no longer be a serious public health problem if there were no associated vascular problems. The ultimate goal in the treatment of diabetes is to protect the blood vessels! Elevated blood sugar is a very important factor in damaging blood vessels, but it is not the only factor. Therefore, the treatment of diabetes has to be understood from the height of protecting blood vessels in order to truly treat diabetes well, which will have to include blood pressure control, lipid regulation, smoking cessation and anti-platelet therapy. Only by treating each of the currently known factors that can damage blood vessels can diabetes treatment achieve the desired effect.